Antinutrients in Grain-Based Plant Drinks: Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: Plant-based beverages in the consumer market are positioned as an alternative to natural milk, including their nutritional value. Traditional milk raw materials are characterized by high nutritional value due to the optimal balance of components and their easy digestibility. However, the plant materials used in the production of drinks contain anti-nutritional substances. Anti-nutritional nutrients can limit the bioavailability of primary nutrients, leading to impoverishment of the human diet and a decrease in the nutritional value of food products.Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review is a comprehensive analysis of various anti-nutritional factors in grain-based plant drinks with an assessment of methods and conditions for their inhibition.Materials and Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the guiding principles of PRISMA-ScR. The databases SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar were used for article selection. The search was carried out for the period 2017-2022. As a result of the search, 77 publications from 35 countries worldwide were selected. The subject field review protocol was drafted and registered on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/gcb3y).Results: Out of 4432 selected publications, 77 met the inclusion criteria for the review. The analysis of the selected publications identified the main anti-nutritional substances present in grain drinks. These nutrients include phytic acid, phytates, lectins, saponins, oxalates, enzyme inhibitors. The authors of a significant portion of the publications (70%) devoted to the issue of antinutrients in the product, investigate this question within the technology of producing plant drinks. Trends such as negative and positive effects of antinutrients, methods of inhibiting anti-nutritional substances were identified. The obtained results allowed highlighting a new direction of non-traditional methods of inhibiting antinutrients, which had not been recorded before.Conclusion: The main area of application of the research results can be the expansion of the scientific-practical database about antinutritional substances and the practical implementation of the proposed recommendations in the production cycle. The obtained data will significantly increase the nutritional value of grain-based beverages.