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Abstract
Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (fuzi) is the processed product of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux tuber, and has great potential anti-myocardial infarction effects, including improving myocardial damage and energy metabolism in rats. However, the effects of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts in a rat model of myocardial infarction have not yet been fully illustrated. Herein, Radix Aconiti Lateral Preparata was used to prepare Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extract (RAE), fuzi polysaccharides (FPS), and fuzi total alkaloid (FTA). Then, we aimed to compare the effects of RAE, FPS, and FTA in MI rats and further explore their influence on small molecules in the heart. We reported that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extract (RAE) and fuzi total alkaloid (FTA) significantly improved left ventricular function and structure, and reduced myocardial damage and infarct size in rats with myocardial infarction by the left anterior descending artery ligation. In contrast, fuzi polysaccharides (FPS) was less effective than RAE and FTA, indicating that alkaloids might play a major role in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Moreover, via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI–MSI), we further showed that RAE and FTA containing alkaloids as the main common components regulated myocardial energy metabolism-related molecules and phospholipids levels and distribution patterns against myocardial infarction. In particular, it was FTA, not RAE, that could also regulate potassium ions and glutamine to play a cardioprotective role in myocardial infarction, which revealed that an appropriate dose of alkaloids generated more obvious cardiotonic effects. These findings together suggested that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts containing an appropriate dose of alkaloids as its main pharmacological active components exerted protective effects against myocardial infarction by improving myocardial energy metabolism abnormalities and changing phospholipids levels and distribution patterns to stabilize the cardiomyocyte membrane structure. Thus, RAE and FTA extracted from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata are potential candidates for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction (MI) following myocardial ischemia is a severe cardiovascular disease which can be caused by coronary artery occlusion [1]
We found that alkaloids were the major common components of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extract (RAE) and fuzi total alkaloid (FTA), while polysaccharides were the major common components of RAE and fuzi polysaccharides (FPS)
These results demonstrated that RAE, FPS, and FTA can stabilize cardiac function and improve structural abnormalities
Summary
Myocardial infarction (MI) following myocardial ischemia is a severe cardiovascular disease which can be caused by coronary artery occlusion [1]. Aconite tuber (fuzi) increases NO production in humans to improve peripheral blood circulation [19]. These reports suggest the great potential of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata to treat MI. There has not been a systematic study on the effects of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts in a rat model of MI, and their influences on heart metabolism-related small molecules. Using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene hydrochloride as a matrix, MALDI–MSI can detect energy metabolism-related molecules, phospholipids, metal ions, and amino acids in heart tissues [21], all of which are important for studying the roles of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts in MI rats
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