Abstract
Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea is used as traditional medicine for diabetes, inflammation, and nociception. However, the antimutagenic potential and cytoprotective effects of this plant remain unknown. In this study, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of F. deltoidea aqueous extract (FDD) on both Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains were assessed using Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames test). Then, the cytoprotective potential of FDD on menadione-induced oxidative stress was determined in a V79 mouse lung fibroblast cell line. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was conducted to evaluate FDD antioxidant capacity. Results showed that FDD (up to 50 mg/mL) did not exhibit a mutagenic effect on either TA 98 or TA 100 strains. Notably, FDD decreased the revertant colony count induced by 2-aminoanthracene in both strains in the presence of metabolic activation (p < 0.05). Additionally, pretreatment of FDD (50 and 100 µg/mL) demonstrated remarkable protection against menadione-induced oxidative stress in V79 cells significantly by decreasing superoxide anion level (p < 0.05). FDD at all concentrations tested (12.5–100 µg/mL) exhibited antioxidant power, suggesting the cytoprotective effect of FDD could be partly attributed to its antioxidant properties. This report highlights that F. deltoidea may provide a chemopreventive effect on mutagenic and oxidative stress inducers.
Highlights
Cancer is a major health burden to society in both developed and developing countries [1]
F. deltoidea aqueous extract (FDD) was subjected to Salmonella mutagenicity testing (Ames test) using two Salmonella typhimurium strains, namely TA 98 and TA 100
Revertant colony count did not significantly increase relative to that of the negative control under both conditions; the result showed that FDD was not mutagenic at all tested concentrations (3.125–50 mg/mL) (Table 1)
Summary
Cancer is a major health burden to society in both developed and developing countries [1]. Cancer was the second major cause of death in Malaysia in 2014 [2]. The causes of some cancers, for instance colorectal cancer, can be hereditary in nature, but most cases are inexplicable [3]. Cancer is often related to mutations caused by mutagens. Mutagens are chemical or physical agents that can alter the genetic content of an organism. Mutations in germ line cells can be passed to future generations, whereas mutations in somatic cells can lead to various pathological conditions, such as cancer [4]
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