Abstract
Background: Clerodendrum inerme is a folk medicinal plant used in the treatment of various illnesses such as a cough, scrofulous infection, venereal infection, skin diseases and tumors. It exhibited many pharmacological effects including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anticancer properties. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of methanolic extract of C. inerme leaves on migration, invasion and adhesion activities on human lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity, cell motility, migration, invasion and adhesion abilities were detected by MTT, wound healing, trans-well mobilization, modified Boyden chamber and cell adhesion assay, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that up to 400 μg/mL methanolic leaves extract has low toxicity on A549 cells showing more than 50% cell viability. At non-cytotoxic and sub-toxic doses (200 and 400 μg/mL) of methanolic leave extract significantly suppressed cell motility, migration, invasion and cell adhesion compared with the untreated control. Conclusion: These results suggested that methanolic leaves extract of C. inerme inhibited migration, invasion and adhesion of A549 cells. These findings showed new therapeutic potential for C. inerme in anti-metastatic therapy.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the most common cancer types in men and fourth cancer in women
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type that accounts for 80-90% of lung cancers, which is divided into 3 major pathologic subtypes including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma.[2]
There was no significant effect on cell viability after treatment with methanolic leaves extract of C.inerme (6.25-200 μg/mL) but the high concentration, the extract significantly inhibited cell growth of A549 cells
Summary
Lung cancer is the most common cancer types in men and fourth cancer in women. It is the major cause of cancer-related death in the world. Lung cancer is divided into two major types, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[1] Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type that accounts for 80-90% of lung cancers, which is divided into 3 major pathologic subtypes including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma.[2] About 30-40% of patients with advanced NSCLC will develop metastasis, which is the lung cancer cells migrate to and invade to the distant organs, such as bones, brain and contralateral lung.[3] Metastasized lung cancer is difficult for treatment because it is highly resistant to radiation and conventional chemotherapeutic agents It is the main cause of cancer-related death in lung cancer patients.[4,5] the potential therapeutic agent for treating lung cancer metastasis is an urgent therapeutic need.
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