Abstract
Diseases are one of these primary limiting factors. Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in both wild and cultured fish. Antibiotics used to control such infection and misuse as well as other sources of antimicrobials as using chicken manure or adoption of integrating fish system may emerge the development and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes and occurrence of antimicrobial residues. All that may induce a negative impact on human, fish and the environment. Aquaculture has become the fastest growing sector of food production in the world. Despite the encouraging trends, several constraints have negative impact on the growth of aquaculture. Therefore, strict measures, legislations and regulations for the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture should be developed and implemented, especially in developing countries, to avoid such negative impacts in human, fish, animals and environment. These consequences, in human, include increased number of infections, increased frequency of treatment failures and increased severity of infection that result a prolonged duration of illness, increased frequency of bloodstream infections, increased hospitalization, and increased mortality.
Highlights
Aquaculture appears to be one of the last frontiers to increase contributions to food security in the developing world
Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 148 million tons of fish in 2010, where about 128 million tones was utilized as food for people, and preliminary data for 2011 indicate increased production to145 million tones, among those 131 million tones was destined as food
Most of aquaculture technologies are in practice in the Arab World, commercial aquaculture only exists in few countries whereas 91.9% of Arab aquaculture is produced in Egypt
Summary
Aquaculture appears to be one of the last frontiers to increase contributions to food security in the developing world. It represents the fastest growing agricultural industry in some countries, with freshwater aquaculture dominating total aquaculture production. This global picture is reflected in Africa where aquaculture supply high quality food at low cost to millions of people, generate income for farming and fishing households and play a central role in many local and national economies [1,2]. Total aquaculture production in the Arab world amounted 587195 tons in 2012 representing only 1.23% of global aquaculture in that year
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