Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. The pathogens traditionally associated with UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are changing from time to time and across different environment. Knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment. This study therefore evaluates the causative organisms present in urine specimen and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among patients suspected for UTI attending the general outpatient department clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected of having a UTI and subjected to macroscopic assessment, isolation, and characterization as well as resistance- susceptibility test of isolates using standard conventional techniques. Results showed that UTI was frequently encountered in females 39 (26%) than males 21 (14%) while 60 % of the samples yielded no growth after 48 hours incubation. The most common pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (47.19%), followed by Escherichia coli (20.22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.73%), Candida albicans (10.11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.62%) and Proteus mirabilis (1.12%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were highly susceptible to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (88.10%) with lower susceptibility to Ofloxacin (52%), Cloxacillin (50%). This information will directly affect selection of empirical therapy for UTI and emphasizes the need for choosing an appropriate antimicrobial treatment in specific geographical locations.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) consists of microbial invasion and multiplication in any of the structures of the urinary system with attendant signs of inflammation
Isolation and identification of isolates Out of the 150 samples obtained from the patients suspected for UTI, 60 samples (40%) were found to contain heavy and appreciable bacterial growth while 90 (60%) had no appreciable bacterial growth (Figure 1)
From the 60 samples investigated, 89 isolates were recovered with females having a greater percentage of occurrence 39 (26%) than males 21 (14%).The predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus constituting 42 (47.19%) of the total isolates followed by Escherichia coli 18 (20.22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (15.73%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 (5.62%) and Proteus mirabilis 1 (1.12%)
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) consists of microbial invasion and multiplication in any of the structures of the urinary system with attendant signs of inflammation. Terms such as significant bacteriuria, asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, urethral syndrome, acute or chronic pyelonephritis have been used to describe this infection [1]. Infection may occur at any part of the genitourinary tract, including urethra, bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, or renal parenchyma [2]. This tract collects and stores urine and provides the urinary system of tubes necessary to release it from the body. Other major symptoms may include: strong urge to urinate frequently, even immediately after the bladder is emptied (Urgency), painful burning sensation when urinating (Dysuria), discomfort, pressure, or bloating in the lower abdomen, pain in the pelvic area or back, cloudy or bloody urine (Haematuria), which may have a strong smell, urination during the night (Nocturia), frequent urination (Polyuria) [3]
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