Abstract
IntroductionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is also emerging in Turkish hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from Turkish hospitals.Materials and methodsA total of 397 MRSA strains isolated from 12 hospitals in Turkey were included to present study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using agar dilution method. Presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, tetM, tetK, linA and aac-aph genes were studied by PCR.ResultsAll strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The susceptibility rates for fusidic acid, lincomycin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, gentamycin, kanamycin, and, ciprofloxacin were 91.9%, 41.1%, 27.2%, 11.8%, 8.5%, 8.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Lincomycin inactivation was positive for 3 isolates. Of 225 erythromycin resistant isolates 48 had ermA, 20 had ermC, and 128 had ermA-C. PCR was negative for 15 strains. Of 3 isolates with lincomycin inactivation one had linA and msrA. Of 358 gentamycin resistant isolates 334 had aac-aph and 24 were negatives. Among 350 tetracyclin resistant isolates 314 had tetM. Of 36 tetM negative isolates 10 had tetK.ConclusionMRSA isolates from Turkish hospitals were multiresistant to antimicrobials. Quinolone and gentamycin resistance levels were high and macrolide and lincosamide resistance were relatively low. Susceptibility rates for fusidic asid were high. Linezolide and vancomycin resistance are not emerged. The most common resistance genes were ermA, tetM and aac-aph. Evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes profiles of MRSA isolates should be surveyed at regional and national level for accurate treatment of patients and to control dissemination of resistance genes.
Highlights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is emerging in Turkish hospitals
MRSA isolates from Turkish hospitals were multiresistant to antimicrobials
All 397 MRSA isolates tested were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid
Summary
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is emerging in Turkish hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from Turkish hospitals. Staphylococci are important infection agents that cause hospital and community acquired infections. These bacteria have ability to adapt themselves to difficult conditions and successful clones have capacity of epidemic and pandemic dissemination [1]. Increasing resistance problem in staphylococci became an important public resistant S. aureus emerged it became urgent to search new treatment possibilities for these bacteria [3]. In addition emergence and dissemination of community MRSA isolates forced to evaluate empiric treatment options in consideration with changing resistance profiles of these bacteria. Development of new antibiotics reduced dramatically recently, some antibiotics like daptomycin, linezolid and tigecyclin could be commercialized lately [1]
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