Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information about its antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and genetic variability of different Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum field isolates. For this purpose, the growth inhibition effect of 18 antimicrobials and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on five housekeeping genes (fusA, glpQ, gyrB, lepA and rpoB) were performed on 32 selected field isolates from Italy and Spain.The results showed a wide range of growth inhibitory effects for almost all the antimicrobials studied. Macrolides presented lower efficacy inhibiting Mcc growth than in previous works performed on other CA-causative mycoplasmas. Erythromycin was not able to inhibit the growth of any of the studied strains, contrary to doxycycline, which inhibited the growth of all of them from low concentrations. On the other hand, the study of the concatenated genes revealed a high genetic variability among the different Mcc isolates. Hence, these genetic variations were greater than the ones reported in prior works on other mycoplasma species.
Highlights
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA) [1]
We evaluated the effect of 18 antimicrobials: spectinomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), gentamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), neomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and streptomycin (SigmaAldrich, USA) in a range from 128 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml; ciprofloxacin (Fluka, USA), enrofloxacin (Fluka, USA), marbofloxacin (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan), danofloxacin (Fluka, USA), moxifloxacin (Cayman Chemical Company, USA), norfloxacin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), doxycycline (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), tylosin (Fluka, USA) and tilmicosin (Molekula, UK), which were studied in a range from 12.8 μg/ml to 0.006 μg/ml; and erythromycin (Fluka, USA), spiramycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), clindamycin (Cayman Chemical Company, USA) and lincomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), which were evaluated in a range from 12.8 μg/ml to 0.8 μg/ml
Doxycycline was the most effective antimicrobial inhibiting Mcc field isolates in vitro; it should be one of the antimicrobials of choice to treat CA caused by Mcc
Summary
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA) [1]. Capricolum (Mcc) is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA) [1]. In some regions such as France [2] or the Canary Islands (Spain) it is the second most frequently isolated CA-causing agent, and its presence has been related with severe outbreaks of this disease [3]. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are widely employed in CA endemic areas [6]. In this context, it is noticeable that the frequent use of these antimicrobials has been related with an increase of in vitro antimicrobial resistance of the bovine pathogen M. bovis [7]. Regarding CA, previous studies have described antimicrobial resistances on field isolates
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