Antimicrobial stewardship in long-term care facilities in Belgium: a questionnaire-based survey of nursing homes to evaluate initiatives and future developments.

François Kidd,Frédéric Frippiat,Dominique Dubourg,Francis Heller

doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0106-7

Abstract

BackgroundThe use of antimicrobials is intense and often inappropriate in long-term care facilities. Antimicrobial resistance has increased in acute and chronic care facilities, including those in Belgium. Evidence is lacking concerning antimicrobial stewardship programmes in chronic care settings. The medical coordinator practicing in Belgian nursing homes is a general practitioner designated to coordinate medical activity. He is likely to be the key position for effective implementation of such programmes. The aim of this study was to evaluate past, present, and future developments of antimicrobial stewardship programmes by surveying medical coordinators working in long-term care facilities in Belgium.MethodsWe conducted an online questionnaire-based survey of 327 Belgian medical coordinators.The questionnaire was composed of 33 questions divided into four sections: characteristics of the respondents, organisational frameworks for implementation of the antimicrobial stewardship programme, tools to promote appropriate antimicrobial use and priorities of action. Questions were multiple choice, rating scale, or free text.ResultsA total of 39 medical coordinators (12 %) completed the questionnaire. Past or present antimicrobial stewardship initiatives were reported by 23 % of respondents. The possibility of future developments was rated 2.7/5. The proposed key role of medical coordinators was rated <3/5 by 36 % of respondents. General practitioners, nursing staff, and hospital specialists are accepted as important roles. The use of antimicrobial guidelines was reported by only 19 % of respondents. Education was considered the cornerstone for any future developments. Specific diagnostic recommendations were considered useful, but chest x-rays were judged difficult to undertake. The top priority identified was to reduce unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic urinary infections.ConclusionsOur study shows that the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme is reported only in a minority of nursing homes. The possibility of future developments is uncertain. Nevertheless, the self-selected medical coordinators who responded to the survey reported a good knowledge of this complex problem. Despite a lack of optimism, medical coordinators seem to have the appropriate competencies to play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0106-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

The use of antimicrobials is intense and often inappropriate in long-term care facilities
Several reports have estimated that systemic antimicrobials are prescribed inappropriately for 25–75 % of patients in these settings [5]. This has certainly contributed to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in nursing homes (NHs), including the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases [6], carbapenemaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae [7, 8], and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus [9]
Organisational frameworks for implementation of the AMS programme Past or present implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) was reported in 5/22 NHs (23 %)

Summary

Introduction

The use of antimicrobials is intense and often inappropriate in long-term care facilities. Management strategies have been proposed in recently published review articles Their authors recommend education [14, 17, 18]; diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines [14, 17, 18]; interventions to reduce unnecessary microbiological testing and reassess antibiotic therapy after a few days [18]; integrated continuous quality improvement strategies [14, 18]; and mandatory regulatory requirements [18] as key measures to be implemented. The requirements about related topics such as continuous quality improvement, infection control and drug stewardship were better defined [21] This situation led us to perform an online questionnaire-based survey of key healthcare providers to evaluate past and present actions undertaken in Belgian NHs concerning ASPs to continue to identify initiatives, barriers and possibilities for future developments in this area

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion