Antimicrobial Silver-Polyethyleneimine-Polylactic Acid Polymer Composite Film for Coating Methacrylate-Based Denture Surfaces

Zoltán Géczi,Tivadar Zelles,Attila Barócsi,Zsófia Kőhidai,Tamás Mészáros,Orsolya Láng,Sándor Lenk,László Kőhidai,Péter Hermann

doi:10.1155/2018/1048734

Abstract

To prepare an antimicrobial polymer composite composed of silver- (Ag-) polyethyleneimine- (PEI-) polylactic acid (PLA) in chloroform, for coating the mucosal surfaces of methacrylate-based dentures as a prospective therapy for denture stomatitis.The water-insoluble, tightly bound, hard, micrometre-thin, and colourless film exerts its effects by direct contact with the pathogens and via the active constituents (Ag, PEI, and Ag-PEI) released slowly into the mucosa’s salivary layer. Silver and PEI were blended at 140°C, then bound to PLA. The Ag-PEI complex was characterised by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and the Ag-PEI-PLA composite was examined by atomic force microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The characteristic was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The quantity of water-soluble Ag-PEI complex released from the composite film was measured with gravimetry. The cellular physiological effects were analysed by impedimetry and computer-based morphometry using human gingival epithelial cells. A real-time cell proliferation assay revealed moderate toxic effects of Ag-PEI on the epithelium. The viscous Ag-PEI-PLA solution produced could be applied as a thin film on methacrylate surfaces. Active antimicrobial components (Ag, PEI, and Ag-PEI) were released from the hard, tightly bound Ag-PEI-PLA coating. This study’s findings verified the applicability of the antimicrobial Ag-PEI-PLA composite for coating the inner surfaces of acrylate dentures. Owing to the well-known antimicrobial effects of silver and PEI and the supplementary effects of chloroform, this composite provides a new therapeutic method for denture stomatitis that can be easily performed by dentists.

Highlights

Denture stomatitis is a common, multifactorial condition in which mild inflammation and erythema of the oral mucous membrane occur under a removable prosthesis
To prepare an antimicrobial polymer composite composed of silver- (Ag-) polyethyleneimine- (PEI-) polylactic acid (PLA) in chloroform, for coating the mucosal surfaces of methacrylate-based dentures as a prospective therapy for denture stomatitis
The Ag-PEI complex was characterised by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and the Ag-Polyethyleneimine-Polylactic Acid (PEI-PLA) composite was examined by atomic force microscopy and microcomputed tomography

Summary

Introduction

Denture stomatitis ( known as denture-related stomatitis, candida-associated denture stomatitis, denture-associated erythematous stomatitis, prosthetic stomatitis, or a combination of these terms) is a common, multifactorial condition in which mild inflammation and erythema of the oral mucous membrane occur under a removable prosthesis (i.e., a partial or complete denture or an orthodontic appliance). In patients having removable prostheses, the prevalence of denture stomatitis ranges from 15% to >70%. Denture stomatitis is not a severe illness in most cases, it may potentiate additional infections in susceptible patients [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. There is a large body of evidence that demonstrates that Candida albicans is capable of adhering to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surfaces to form a biofilm. Changing the local environment favours dominance of Candida and causes mucosal inflammation; bacteria may support these inflammatory reactions. Despite these relationships, most forms of therapy focus on anti-Candida treatment [3, 8,9,10]

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