Abstract

Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can infect both animals and humans, there is a paucity of veterinary studies on antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa in South Africa. Secondary data of canine clinical cases presented at the hospital from January 2007 to December 2013 was used. The following information was recorded: type of sample, the date of sampling and the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Frequencies, proportions and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all the categorical variables. In total, 155 P. aeruginosa isolates were identified and included in this study. All the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR), while 92% were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Most isolates were resistant to lincomycin (98%), penicillin-G (96%), orbifloxacin (90%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (90%) and doxycycline (87%). A low proportion of isolates was resistant to imipenem (6%), tobramycin (12%), amikacin (16%) and gentamicin (18%). A high proportion of MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates was resistant to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (99%), tylosin (99%), chloramphenicol (97%) and doxycycline (96%). Few (6%) of MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with infections of various organ systems in this study. All P. aeruginosa isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibited resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and lincosamides. Clinicians at the hospital in question should consider these findings when treating infections associated with P. aeruginosa.

Highlights

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram-negative, saprophytic and opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting both humans and animals (Alhazmi 2015)

  • This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa from clinical samples obtained from dogs presented to a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa between January 2007 and December 2013

  • The high level of resistance to doxycycline observed in this study suggests that clinicians at the veterinary academic hospital under study might have to reconsider prescribing doxycycline for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections in dogs presented at this the hospital

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Summary

Introduction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram-negative, saprophytic and opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting both humans and animals (Alhazmi 2015). The organism is ubiquitous in moist environments such as water and soil (Iregbu & Eze 2015). P. aeruginosa has been associated with nosocomial infections of the urinary tract, surgical wounds and bloodstream (Peleg & Hooper 2010). The organism has been isolated in patients with severe burn wounds, meningitis, brain abscesses and other underlying clinical conditions (Hauser & Ozer 2011; Strateva & Yordanov 2009; Türkyilmaz 2008). P. aeruginosa has been isolated from dogs with chronic otitis externa, pyoderma, conjunctivitis, septicaemia, lower urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bacterial endocarditis (Dégi, Cristina & Stancu 2010; Petrov et al 2013). Dogs with compromised immune systems and co-morbid conditions are at a higher risk of P. aeruginosa colonisation (Musser & Beamer 1961)

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