ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN SANA'A HOSPITALS

Abstract

Background and objectives: Yemen is among the developing nations where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is posing a danger to public health. AMR can lead to increased morbidity and mortality from treatment failures and a lack of effective therapies. Particularly in the research arena, there is a dearth of knowledge about the antimicrobial resistance patterns of frequently isolated, locally occurring diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diseases' microbiological profiles and resistance trends in Sana'a, Yemen. Methods: In Sana'a, Yemen, a retrospective study was carried out at various governmental and private hospitals between June and September of 2020. Information about antibiotic susceptibilities and cultures was taken from the microbiology department's 2019 files. The data analysis method employed was descriptive statistics. Results: This study includes 4156 pathogen isolates, with 58.2% of the isolates being Gram negative. Of all the isolates, urine (26.1 %, n = 1086) and pus specimens (24.6 %, n = 1025) demonstrated the greatest detection rates. The most often isolated pathogens were S. aureus (35.6%, n=1479), E. coli (29.2%, n=1215), P. aeroginosa (14.1%, n=586), and Klebsiella species (10.7%, n=443). The highest rates of resistance were found for cephalosporins (cefixime 90%, cefadroxil 87.9%, cefepime 72%, and ceftriaxone 70%) and penicillins (carbincillin 87%, amoxacillin 80%, and amoxacillin/clavulanic acid 77%). Gram positive and Gram negative isolates showed minimal resistance to linezolid and vancomycin, with Enterococcus showing higher resistance. Colistin was most effective against Gram negative, while E. coli, Klebseilla, and Proteus showed high resistance. Conclusions: The high rate of resistance discovered in the current study in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms is alarming and highlights the necessity of routinely determining the prevalence of resistance in a given area in order to guide empirical therapy and choose the most effective course of antibiotic treatment. Peer Review History: Received 27 March 2024; Revised 8 May 2024; Accepted 27 June; Available online 15 July 2024 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, h_m_abdelazim@hotmail.com Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com