Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, South Odisha, India

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rod which is responsible for 10% of all hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the frequency, risk factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: Present retrospective hospital record based cross-sectional study included a total of 6280 clinical samples collected from patients at a tertiary care hospital, South Odisha, India from January 2011 to December 2012. Samples were processed and identified by standard protocol. The P. aeruginosa was tested for antibiotic resistance by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines). Results: From 6280 clinical samples, 3378 (53.8%) samples yielded significant growth and 327 samples were positive for (9.7%, 327/3378) P. aeruginosa (6.8% of nosocomial and 2.9% of community-acquired infections). Maximum 221 (67.6%) isolates were obtained from pus/swab, followed by urine 15% and blood (4.9%). Elderly, in-patients and invasive procedures were found to be significant risk factors in the setup investigated (P < 0.05). Out of 327 isolates, 277 (84.7%) isolates were multidrug-resistant, 99 (35.7%, 99/277) isolates were extensively drug-resistant. No pandrug-resistant isolate was obtained. Majority of isolates were sensitive to imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam, showed the least resistance rate of 6.4%, 8% and 11.3% respectively. Conclusion: This hospital based epidemiological data will help to implement better infection control strategies and improve the knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns among clinicians. Thus, there is a need for periodical antimicrobial surveillance to monitor the resistance patterns in local hospitals.