Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pets is not well understood and methods of surveillance are only beginning to be established in a few countries. The consequence of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter and Arcobacter butzleri to public health is due to the propensity of the bacteria to swiftly acquire and disseminate resistance gene. Thus, making way for the emergence of new and very pathogenic clones resulting to difficulty in treatment with antimicrobials. The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles of Campylobacter and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from dogs and cats and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance using the disc diffusion test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. Ninety four (94) Arcobacterbutzleri and 28 Campylobacter isolates were tested against 12 antimicrobials using the disc diffusion method namely Ciprofloxacin (Cip) 5µg; Ampicillin (Amp), 10 µg; Tetracycline (Te), 30 µg; Erythromycin (E), 15 µg; gentamicin (CN), 10 µg; Cefotaxime (CTX), 30 µg; Penicillin G (P), µg; Streptomycin (S), µg; nalidixic acid (NA), µg; Enrofloxacin (Enr), µg; Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AMC), µg and Ceftazidine (CAZ), µg. Using the M.I.C.E. strip, Campylobacter and A. butzleri isolates showed the exception in the resistance to ciprofloxacin. In comparison, the resistance rates between the disc diffusion and M.I.C. were not significantly different. The resistance patterns showed 18 and 35 antibiotypes for Campylobacter and Arcobacterbutzleri isolates respectively. Campylobacter isolates were found resistant to 9 antimicrobials while Arcobacter butzleri showed resistance to 10 antimicrobials. MDR was reported among 50% and 78.9% of Campylobacter and Arcobacterbutzleri isolates respectively. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter and Arcobacter butzleri not only increase the risk of treatment failure in both human and animals but also spread antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the presence of Campylobacter in pets could be a potential source of human infections and environmental contamination.
Highlights
The use of antimicrobial agents has been on the increase in veterinary medicine worldwide
Isolates comprising of 15 from Campylobacter spp. from dogs and 13 Campylobacter spp isolated from cats; and 55 isolates of Arcobacter butzleri isolates from dogs and 34 isolates of Arcobacter butzleri from cats were obtained from previous studies (Goni et al, 2016; Goni et al, 2017)
Results from this study showed that multidrug resistance among the isolates of Campylobacter and Arcobacter butzleri were 78.9% and 50% respectively for both dogs and cats using the disc diffusion test
Summary
The use of antimicrobial agents has been on the increase in veterinary medicine worldwide. This led to a greater concern about the continued rise of foodborne disease incidence and the resistance of foodborne pathogens to drugs over the last decade (Mc Nulty et al, 2016). Campylobacter and Arcobacter butzleri are important potential food safety issue due to the increase number of reports published recently. Antimicrobials are being used by food animal producers for therapy and to enhance growth and for prophylaxis purpose which results in bacterial resistance (Ballard et al, 2016)
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