Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat worldwide. Inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics are the responsible causes for the development of AMR in the pathogenic microorganisms. In the developing countries like India the data encountered a higher burden of resistance in the rural communities. In such scenario the AMR may lead to difficulty in treatment of various ailments among human as well as companion livestock. In India cows and buffalo are considered as companion livestock. However the definition of companion livestock is slightly different in the developed countries. Most of the rural population in India is dependent on the livestock for their livelihood as the dairy farming in the rural community may contribute in the financial status of the rural population. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the foremost causative agent of skin and soft tissues infections among humans as well as in companion livestock. The situation is further complicated by methicillin resistance in S. aureus. The carriage of MRSA by humans and companion livestock may lead to further AMR spread to the community. In the civic health point of view, it is important to initiate appropriate interventions to tackle the problem at the rural population.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and is of a major public health concern globally [1]
In one of the study of milk-producing bovines in Mathura reported that MRSA in India was shown to be S. aureus was found in 33.75% of subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis cases among cattle than buffaloes [40]
Other than S. aureus some species of Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) may be transferred from animals to humans in contact with them, evidence found from a study (Jangra et al 2018) that revealed some pathogenic strains of Coagulase negative staphylococci (Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus scuiri) that are announced as a particular pathogen linked with animal origin their isolation from the human subjects associated with them were be detected
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and is of a major public health concern globally [1]. Many sustainable development goals framework in the rural India have included “AMR indicator” that monitors the frequency of bloodstream infections caused due to antimicrobial resistant organisms including S. aureus (S. aureus). In rural India the antibiotic usage in humans and in the livestock is high with no regulation on the usage of antibiotics which may be a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance [7]. Indian Network for surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (INSAR) along with WHO monitors AMR and its magnitude in India. Their major goal is to focus on AMR patterns of various antimicrobial resistant microorganisms including S. aureus. The present report attempts to review the problem of AMR in Staphylococci in livestock animals and their possible transmission to human
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