Abstract
ABSTRACT Fowl paratyphoid infections are caused by different Salmonella serovars that can affect a wide range of hosts. Due to its complex epidemiology, Salmonella serovar identification is crucial for the development and implementation of monitoring and control programs in poultry farms. Moreover, the characterization of the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from livestock is relevant to public health because they are a common causative agent of foodborne diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. and to identify the antimicrobial resistance profiles of strains isolated in the midwestern region of Sao Paulo state, which accounts for the highest production of table eggs in Brazil. For this purpose, 2008 fecal samples were collected on 151 commercial layer farms and submitted to microbiological analyses. Twenty-two serovars were isolated from 80 (52.9%) farms, among which S. Mbandaka and S. Braenderup were the most prevalent. All isolates expressed resistance to at least one of the 23 antimicrobials tested, and the highest resistance rates were determined against streptomycin (93.5%) and sulfonamide (84.6%). Moreover, multidrug resistance was observed in 41% of the isolates and the maximum drug resistance profile was against ten different antimicrobials. Therefore, the identification of Salmonella serovars in poultry production provides epidemiological knowledge to develop prevention and control measures in order to ensure poultry health and to prevent human infection by multiresistant strains.
Highlights
Commercial table eggs are an important source of protein for Brazilian consumers
The implementation of biosecurity measures directly influences the impact of foodborne salmonellosis from poultry products (Gama et al, 2003; Kottwitz et al, 2008)
Human salmonellosis outbreaks in many countries have been associated with the consumption of table eggs (Nor Faiza et al, 2013; Long et al, 2017), which may be contaminated during their formation in the oviduct or their passage through the cloaca
Summary
Commercial table eggs are an important source of protein for Brazilian consumers. In 2018, Brazil produced 44.2 billion eggs, and had a per capita consumption of 212 eggs, representing a 10.4% increase relative to 2017 (APBA, 2019). Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are widely distributed in nature and may infect both humans and animals, and more than 2659 Salmonella serovars have been identified (Issenhuth-Jeanjean et al, 2014). Several of these serovars cause paratyphoid infection (Salles et al, 2008; Kottwitz et al 2008; Freitas Neto et al, 2014; Perdoncini et al, 2014; Moraes et al, 2016). Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars may persist in the digestive tract of infected chickens without causing disease and are considered the main source of foodborne infections in humans, mainly due to the consumption of poultry products (Shah et al, 2017)
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