Abstract
Intensive usage of antimicrobials in the management of animal diseases leads to selection for resistance among microorganisms. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial use and to describe factors associated with the transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals in pastoralist communities of Kasese district. A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study. Rectal swabs were collected from the participants and cattle and transported in Carry–Blaire transport medium to the laboratory within 24 h of collection for culture and sensitivity to confirm carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria. In-depth interviews were conducted among veterinary officers, veterinary drug vendors, human health facility in-charges in both public and private health facilities, and operators of human pharmacies and drug shops. Carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria among humans was 88 (93%) and 76(80%) among cattle. Consumption of lakeshore water and carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in cattle were associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the human population. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance among organisms Isolated from both humans and animals was high. There is a high likelihood of transmission of multi-drug resistance between humans and animals.
Highlights
Abbreviations antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Antimicrobial resistance ESBL Extended spectrum beta-lactamase East Coast Fever (ECF) East coast fever Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Foot-and-mouth disease Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Peste des petits ruminants
Transmission of resistant bacteria from the wild and domestic food animals to humans may occur via the food chain, environment, or direct interaction with animals and this may lead to the emergence of infections that are challenging to m anage[2]
Consumption of lakeshore water and carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in cattle were associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the human population which suggests a possibility of transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria between humans and animals
Summary
Abbreviations AMR Antimicrobial resistance ESBL Extended spectrum beta-lactamase ECF East coast fever CBPP Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia FMD Foot-and-mouth disease PPR Peste des petits ruminants. Transmission of resistant bacteria from the wild and domestic food animals to humans may occur via the food chain, environment, or direct interaction with animals and this may lead to the emergence of infections that are challenging to m anage[2]. It is estimated that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria, viruses, or causes 700,000 deaths a nnually[3] posing a significant public health challenge across the world. Humans have never been healthier, wealthier, or more numerous but this may not be the same in the future as the microbial world presents the important challenge of antimicrobial resistance and a reversal to the pre-antibiotic e ra[8]. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial use and to describe factors associated with transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals in pastoralist communities of Kasese district
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