Abstract
Salmonella is considered one of the main foodborne pathogens. In this study a total of 38 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 679 (5.6 %) specimens collected within Khartoum State. The specimens included, intestinal contents 11.4% (14/160) egg 7% (7/99), liver 5% (5/100) skin 5% (10/200), feed 0% (0/40%), water 0% (0/100).. Serotyping revealed the presence of eight serovars: Kentucky 11 (28.9%), Stanleyville 8 (21.05%), Virchow 6 (16%), Alachua 5 (13.16%), Blockley 4 (10.53%), Hadar 2 (5.26%), Typhimurium 1 (2.63%) and Havana 1 (2.63%). Antibiotic resistance profile, using disc diffusion method, indicated that all isolates were sensitive to apramycin, chloramphenicol, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. The 38 isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline (52.6%), nalidixic acid (50.0%), compound sulfonamide (44.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (31.6%), streptomycin (26.3%), gentamycin (15.8%), neomycin (15.8%), furazolidone (7.9%), ampicillin (5.3%), ciprofloxacin (5.3%), amikacin (2.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.6%), ceftazidime (2.6%), and colistin (2.6%) in decreasing order. Only 20 isolates (52.6%) demonstrated multiple drug resistance. Four of the Salmonella isolates were untypable by XbaI Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique however the 33 typed isolates were differentiated into 22 PFGE patterns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella spp. form poultry.
Highlights
Salmonella sp. is one of the main sources of foodborne illnesses worldwide (Fung et al, 2018)
The selective pressure caused by the application of antimicrobials in poultry production and veterinary practice for growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in an increase in antibiotic resistance and an increase in the presence of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance to Salmonella (Zishiri et al, 2016)
The high rates of resistance reported in this study can be partially attributed to the widespread use of antibiotics agents given to poultry
Summary
Salmonella sp. is one of the main sources of foodborne illnesses worldwide (Fung et al, 2018). The main sources of Salmonella infections are associated with consumption of meats, milk and eggs (Jajere, 2019). While typhoidal Salmonella can result in systemic infections with high fatal capabilities, non-typhoidal Salmonella infections are generally self-limiting (Su and Chiu, 2007; Gal-Mor et al, 2014). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) among Salmonella is prevalent. Strains that have been detected are resistant to some clinical first line antibiotics used in the treatment of severe Salmonella infections (Tadee et al, 2015). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella isolates obtained from poultry in Khartoum State, Sudan
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