Abstract
Abstract
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa threatens patient’s care. It is considered as the most complicated health care associated pathogen to be eliminated from infection site. The biofilm forming ability of P. aeruginosa, being a major virulence factor for most pathogenic microorganism, protects it from host immunity and contribute to antibiotic resistance of this organism. It is estimated that about 80% of infectious diseases are due to biofilm mode of growth. Biofilm forming ability of bacteria imparts antimicrobial resistance that leads to many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. The world is becoming increasingly under the threat of entering the “post-antibiotic era”, an era in which the rate of death from bacterial infections is higher than from cancer.
 This review focus on P. aeruginosa biofilm forming ability; definition, developmental stages, and significance. In addition, the quorum sensing and the antibiotic resistance of this pathogen is discussed.
 Keywords: Biofilm; bacterial adhesion; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antimicrobial resistance; quorum sensing.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus, β-hemolytic, monotrichous bacterium with grape-like odor
Numerous clinical conditions are highly associated with P. aeruginosa infection such as cystic fibrosis, burns, urinary catheterization, lumbar puncture and cancer chemotherapy [2]
P. aeruginosa in biofilms migrates via type IV pili and flagellum-mediated [51] and produces virulence factors that can hold back the action of host defense and protection systems [49]
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus, β-hemolytic, monotrichous bacterium with grape-like odor. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Biofilm Biofilm formation is a microbial complex mass in which cells are irreversibly attached to a substratum and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide substances that they have produced. P. aeruginosa in biofilms migrates via type IV pili and flagellum-mediated [51] and produces virulence factors that can hold back the action of host defense and protection systems [49] It may explain the presence of these bacteria in the deeper regions of chronic wounds [52]. Quorum sensing Quorum sensing (QS) is a social behavior exhibited by bacterial strains whereby chemical-based communication modulates behavior of the aggregates of bacteria It is the control of gene expression in response to cell density and it involves the production and detection of extracellular signaling molecules called auto inducers [53].
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