Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates from different specimens at various hospitals and private diagnostic service laboratories in Ghana.ResultsA retrospective data of culture and sensitivity test results from 2016 were extracted from the microbiology record book of six laboratories in Accra, Ghana. The data included type of clinical specimen, sex of patient, name of bacterial isolate and antibiotic resistance profile. A total of 16.6% (n = 10,237) resistant isolates were obtained, however, the proportions of resistant isolates varied significantly between laboratories. High resistance towards tetracycline, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporins, but low towards amoxiclav and aminoglycosides, was observed. This study identified E. coli and Staphylococcus species as the major resistant bacteria from clinical specimen in Accra and the highest prevalence of the isolates was found in urine specimens in all six laboratories (69.1%, n = 204; 52.6%, n = 36; 52.3%, n = 350; 37.9%, n = 298; 53%, n = 219; 62.1%, n = 594) and in female patients (81.4, 50 and 69.5%). Regular surveillance and local susceptibility pattern analysis is extremely important in selecting the most appropriate and effective antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Highlights
One of modern medicine’s greatest achievements has been the production of antimicrobials against diseasecausing microbes, but after more than 70 years of widespread use, these therapeutic agents have gradually lost their potency [1]
Proportions of antibiotic resistant bacteria differed significantly from one laboratory to the other with Patholab Solutions (Ghana) Limited (PSGL) samples generating the highest number of resistant isolates (33.08%, P < 0.05), whereas isolates recovered at G2 Medical Laboratory and Mediplast Diagnostic Center (G2ML) showed the lowest level of resistance (5.51%, P < 0.05) (Table 1)
Our analysis of the culture and sensitivity test results of the various species of bacteria isolated from different clinical specimens at various microbiology laboratories revealed that high levels of resistant bacteria were recovered from urine specimens
Summary
One of modern medicine’s greatest achievements has been the production of antimicrobials against diseasecausing microbes, but after more than 70 years of widespread use, these therapeutic agents have gradually lost their potency [1]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health concern causing problems in the treatment and prevention of infections. These microorganisms especially bacteria, causes some of the most common infections in different settings; in the community, in hospitals or transmitted through the food chain [2]. Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospitals and in developed countries about 30% of the hospitalized patients are treated with. Mohammed et al BMC Res Notes (2018) 11:254
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