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Abstract
BackgroundThe clinical utility of antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean pediatric surgical cases remains enigmatic. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of surgical site infections in instances where antibiotic prophylaxis is not employed prior to clean pediatric surgical procedures.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study that included data of all pediatric clean surgical procedures from January 2018 till January 2020 was conducted. All children undergoing clean surgical procedures who did not receive antibiotics at least two weeks prior to the procedure were included in the study. The exclusion criteria included patients with congenital heart disease, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiency, and prior administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. All patients were followed for two to four weeks for any signs of surgical site infections.ResultsOf the 178 patients included, 119 were male and 59 were female, with the mean age hovering at 8.19 ± 2.87 years. Orchidopexy and herniotomy were the most commonly performed surgical procedures, and were performed in 56 (31.46%) and 54 (30.33%) patients, respectively. Only one case of postoperative surgical site wound infection was reported, accounting for a prevalence rate of 0.56%.ConclusionIn clean pediatric surgical procedures, the risk of surgical site infections is exceedingly low. The unnecessary use of antibiotics in children can cause deleterious adverse effects and promote antimicrobial resistance. In a carefully selected pediatric population, administration of antibiotic prophylaxis might confer no added benefit.
Highlights
Surgical site infections (SSI) refer to infections that arise within 30 days after any surgical procedure [1]
Due to the paucity of controlled clinical trials in the pediatric population, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics prior to clean pediatric surgical procedures
The effectiveness of the administration of prophylactic antibiotics is well established for certain surgical procedures, leading to a reduction in SSI rates, duration of hospital stay, as well as postoperative morbidity [14]
Summary
Surgical site infections (SSI) refer to infections that arise within 30 days after any surgical procedure [1]. SSIs represent a significant clinical burden, being the most common complication following any surgical procedure. They account for approximately 8% of deaths due to nosocomial infections [2]. The use of appropriate evidence-based guidelines, including the timely and appropriate administration of prophylactic antibiotics, provides significant protection against SSIs [4,5]. This reduces the bacterial load necessary to cause infection at the surgical site [6]. The clinical utility of antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean pediatric surgical cases remains enigmatic. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of surgical site infections in instances where antibiotic prophylaxis is not employed prior to clean pediatric surgical procedures
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