Abstract
The demands for an antimicrobial agent of natural origin has increasingly grown in recent years due to the adverse health effects from the long-term application of conventional chemical-based agent. To date, there are very few reports available on the use of pyroligneous acid produced in optimized condition, as antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study reports on the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of oil palm fiber-derived pyroligneous acid produced using microwave heating at optimum condition (MWPA). The optimized MWPA was concentrated and extracted using ethyl acetate and was further determined for its antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Biocidal Concentration (MBC) analysis. Results obtained shows that MWPA exhibited high inhibition zone that varied between 13 ± 0.58 to 28.67 ± 0.88 mm toward all strains screened in the present study with low range of MIC value from 0.651 ± 0.13 to 1.563 ± 0.00 mg/ml. This indicated that CPAEA MWPA derived from OPF exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity and might be projected as alternative natural source as antimicrobial agent.
Highlights
The antimicrobial agent is a substance that has the capability to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Very few reports are available on the antimicrobial properties of Pyroligneous acid (PA) derived from oil palm fiber (OPF) that was produced using microwave-assisted heating in optimum condition, which is ultimate to be elaborated in this study
The turbidity for all concentrated pyroligneous acid extract of ethyl acetate (CPAEA) against bacterial strains in each plate was observed from 1st to 10th well and the well of lowest concentration at which no turbidity formed has been marked as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Summary
The antimicrobial agent is a substance that has the capability to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Many researchers have focused on elucidating the potential of natural products as a new source of bioactive molecules due to the failure of alternative drug discovery methods to deliver many lead compounds in key therapeutic areas such as metabolic diseases and anti-infective (Nasir et al, 2015). Natural products are still one of the major sources to provide new drug molecules mainly due to its rich phenolic contents that is a proven antimicrobial compound. Various researchers have investigated the potential of a wide range of plant sources and microbial extracts, essential oils, pure secondary metabolites and newly synthesized molecules as an antimicrobial agent using many well-published methods (Balouiri et al, 2016). Very few reports are available on the antimicrobial properties of PA derived from oil palm fiber (OPF) that was produced using microwave-assisted heating in optimum condition, which is ultimate to be elaborated in this study
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