Abstract
The use of natural substances has been trending from past few years. In recent years, the synthetic products obtained from plants have gained immense importance. Essential oils and volatile products obtained from plants are the source of food flavoring, aroma products and fragrance industries. Their use is also common to cure different ailments such as cancer, skin problems and nosocomial infections. Vast research has shown the antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained from plants. Essential oils of lemongrass and eucalyptus have antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and insecticidal characteristics. Lemongrass and eucalyptus oils shows their antibacterial activity towards Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Combination of these oils also depicts high antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria. This review highlights the use of essential oils of lemongrass and eucalyptus for their in vitro antimicrobial properties against different bacteria in planktonic and biofilm mode. Mode of action by which the oil shows its inhibitory activity will be discussed. Susceptibility shown by different bacteria towards these essential oils and their components will be described
Highlights
Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of traditional medicines which are being used by the whole world
Volatile oils called essential oils are derived from plant husk, buds, barks, wood, seeds, leaves, flowers, twigs, herbs, roots and fruit, and aromatic oily liquids
Eucalyptus globulus and E. radiata essential oils are in great demand, as they are utilized for expectorant, astringent, febrifuge, fumigant, antiseptic, anesthetic, deodorant, inhalant, insect repellant, and abscess disinfectant
Summary
Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of traditional medicines which are being used by the whole world. The effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms is being discussed to understand their antimicrobial potential to improve and promote their use as a medicinal compound in pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics. Kruthi et al (2014) showed that essential oil of E. globulus was effective against other tested bacterial strains such as S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and K. pneumonia. Another study showed that oil from two species of eucalyptus that is E. globulus and E. camaldulensis inhibited bacterial growth at higher concentrations of 5 to 20 microliters when tested against. Essential oil of E. camaldulensis has shown antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method against a vast range of bacteria like E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia. P. mirabilis (15mm) and S. aureus (14mm) (Abubakar, 2010)(table 1)
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