Abstract
The aim of the study is to test the application of different laser wavelengths, with and without different photosensitizing dyes on different types of cultures. Laser irradiation was realized on Streptococcus mutans in both solid and liquid culture media in continuous mode at three different fluences (10, 20, and 30 J/cm2) with a red diode (650 nm) with toluidine blue dye, a blue-violet diode (405 nm) with curcumin dye, and a green diode (532 nm) with erythrosine dye. Without a photosensitizer, no growth inhibition was obtained with the red diode at any fluence value. Inhibition rates of 40.7% and 40.2% were obtained with the blue diode and green diode. The blue diode laser used with curcumin obtained results in terms of growth inhibition up to 99.26% at a fluence of 30 J/cm2. The red diode laser used with toluidine blue obtained results in terms of growth inhibition up to 100% at fluences of 20 and 30 J/cm2. The KTP (potassium-titanyl-phosphate) laser used with erythrosine was able to determine a complete growth inhibition (100%) at the different fluence values. The combination of a laser and its proper color may dramatically change the results in terms of bactericidal effect. It will be interesting to confirm these data by further in vivo studies.
Highlights
We observed an accelerated increase in antibiotic-resistant infections
Over 100 years ago, Oskar Raab discovered the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic technique using cytotoxic action for the treatment of infectious diseases and tumors that has been in use since the 1970s [2,3]
In PDT, the cytotoxic effect is achieved through the local application or systemic administration of photosensitizing agents followed by irradiation of visible light with an emission spectrum appropriate for the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen [4]
Summary
Infectious diseases remain the main cause of mortality, with bacterial infections causing 17 million deaths globally [1]. The United Kingdom (UK) Department of Health recently published a report describing antibiotic resistance as the cause of 700,000 deaths per year, estimating that this figure will increase up to 10 million per year in 2050 [2]. This is the main reason why it is critical to focus international research on the search for new antibacterial drugs which are able to prevent and eradicate bacterial resistance. In PDT, the cytotoxic effect is achieved through the local application or systemic administration (oral or intravenous) of photosensitizing agents followed by irradiation of visible light with an emission spectrum appropriate for the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen [4]
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