Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: an in vitro study.

Parasuraman Paramanantham,Busi Siddhardha,Sruthil Lal Sb,Mohammed Saeed Al Dosary,Mohammed Arshad,Asad Syed,Abdullah A Alyousef,Alok Sharan

doi:10.7717/peerj.7454

Parasuraman Paramanantham, Busi Siddhardha + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7454

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Journal: PeerJ	Publication Date: Sep 12, 2019
Citations: 27	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Pondicherry University, King Saud University

Abstract

BackgroundRise in the number of healthcare associated or hospital acquired infections is a major problem affecting the global healthcare sector. We evaluated superior antibacterial and antibiofilm photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MG-MSN) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are known to be major causative agents of nosocomial infections.MethodsMalachite green (MG) was encapsulated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analysis were performed to characterize the MG-MSN. The antimicrobial efficacies of MSN, MG, and MG-MSN were investigated and the results were recorded.ResultsMG-MSN was effective against both the tested bacteria. S. aureus was more phototoxic to MG-MSN compared to E. coli. The antibiofilm efficacy of MG-MSN on E. coli and S. aureus was also studied. Biofilm inhibition was 65.68 ± 2.62% in E. coli and 79.66 ± 3.82% in S. aureus. Cell viability assay, exopolysaccharides quantification, and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies also revealed the enhanced antibiofilm activity of MG-MSN when used as a potential photosensitizer for aPDT. This study can be extended to eradicate these strains from localized superficial infections and medical appliances, preventing nosocomial infections.

Highlights

Microbial infections acquired from hospitals or healthcare centers pose a serious threat to the global healthcare sector
We focused on Malachite green (MG) encapsulated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to augment the photodynamic effect, and antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacies of malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MG-MSN) against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were evaluated
Free dye has less of an effect on planktonic cells, and the results revealed that the use of nanovehicle MSN improved the activity of MG-MSN because of good binding, uptake, and controlled release

Summary

Introduction

Microbial infections acquired from hospitals or healthcare centers pose a serious threat to the global healthcare sector. The major pathogens that cause nosocomial infections include antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Wysocka-Król et al, 2018). These pathogens have the ability to form biofilms on biomaterials and medical devices. S. aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause localized superficial infections to deep-seated life-threatening diseases (Mirani et al, 2013) This bacterium is linked to complications during surgical procedures such as meningitis, peritonitis, necrotizing pneumonia, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. We evaluated superior antibacterial and antibiofilm photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MG-MSN) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are known to be major causative agents of nosocomial infections. This study can be extended to eradicate these strains from localized superficial infections and medical appliances, preventing nosocomial infections

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