Abstract
AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (2% CHX), Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia), and nisin (NI) all in gel forms against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)-infected root canals.MethodologyForty single-rooted mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were decoronated and chemomechanical preparation of the root canal was performed. After sterilization, the samples were inoculated with E. faecalis for one week and grouped according to the medicament used namely, saline as the control group (Group-A), 2% CHX (Group-B), M. citrifolia (Group-C), and NI (Group-D). After 7days of incubation, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the intracanal medicaments on the canal wall and its radicular dentin, the specimens dentin chips were retrieved and inoculated on brain heart infusion (BHI) blood agar plates from each tube and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours to obtain bacterial colony forming unit (CFU) count. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and multiple comparisons among different groups were complemented by post hoc Tukey test.ResultsThe CFU count indicating the number of viable bacterial colonies was found to be highest in Group-A (saline). Group-B (CHX 2%) showed the least CFUs followed by Group-D (NI) and Group-C (M. citrifolia).ConclusionIn an attempt to overcome the disadvantages and toxic effects of a few commercially available intracanal medicaments and irrigants, the present study was aimed at using herbal extracts to evaluate and compare their antimicrobial efficacy with the commercially available medicaments against E. faecalis. Nisin was an effective antimicrobial agent and its action was found to be comparable with CHX.
Highlights
Group-B (CHX 2%) showed the least colony forming unit (CFU) followed by Group-D (NI) and Group-C (M. citrifolia)
Nisin was an effective antimicrobial agent and its action was found to be comparable with Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX)
Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar) were stored in distilled water were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using a diamond disc and the root length was standardized at 10 mm
Summary
Bacteria and their products play a crucial role in the initiation and sustaining of pulpal and periapical diseases. Chemomechanical preparation is one of the most important aspects of endodontic treatment in reducing the microflora and enhancing periapical tissue repair [1]. The primary pathogen isolated from root canal retreatment cases is Enterococcus faecalis. It has the ability to survive in the extreme environment [25]. It is resistant to antibacterial agents as it can penetrate to a depth of 800 μm [6,7]. It is one of the most resistant microorganisms against antimicrobial irrigants and intracanal medicaments and has been associated with persistent periapical infections in necrotic pulps and endodontically treated teeth [8,9]
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