Abstract
Isotretinoin (INN), a drug used to treat severe acne, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. INN may affect periodontal pathogenic bacteria, so we aimed to study the effect of INN on intraoral microbial profiles of periodontal disease and healthy periodontium. Our case-control study divided 180 subjects into six groups according to periodontal health status and INN usage as follows: healthy periodontium receiving INN (HINN; n = 30); those with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis receiving INN (GINN; n = 30); and those with stage I generalized periodontitis receiving INN (PINN; n = 30). Subjects not taking INN, were categorized in the same manner: those with a healthy periodontium (HC; n = 30); those with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis (GC; n = 30); and those with generalized periodontitis stage I (PC; n = 30). Plaque samples were collected to determine the prevalence of four periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) in each study group using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, and multiple regression analysis was performed for each parameter tested in each group at a significance level of 0.05. All INN groups showed significantly lower levels of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola and higher levels of F. nucleatum (p < 0.001). INN had an observable antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogen count in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. INN may have a potential additive antimicrobial value in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilPeriodontitis is a multifactorial biofilm-induced disease that causes attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption [1]
We aimed to evaluate changes in the microbiological profile, with red complex bacteria, which causes periodontal disease, of patients receiving at least three months of oral INN treatment for cutaneous acne, compared with patients with gingival and periodontal diseases and those with a healthy periodontium
P. gingivalis levels were lower in the healthy periodontium (HC)
Summary
Periodontitis is a multifactorial biofilm-induced disease that causes attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption [1]. Several studies have shown that areas in the oral cavity are inhabited by a wide variety of microbes in the form of biofilms, which can alter periodontal health and disease status [2,3]. The microbial biofilm primarily consists of Gram-positive facultative species and members of Streptococci and Actinomyces, as well as small amounts of Gram-negative bacteria [4]. The shift in microbial biofilms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis consists of roughly equal proportions of aerobic (Gram-positive and Gram-negative species), facultative, and anaerobic microorganisms. Most of these species populate in large numbers in established periodontitis. Gram-positive bacteria most associated with gingivitis are Streptococcus species, and
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