Abstract
Anadelphia afzeliana was assessed for antimicrobial activity as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. A. afzeliana was collected from Orkar village, Gboko, Benue State. The specimen was pulverized. Methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were used for extraction. Each solvent measured 1800 ml was added to 300 g of A. afzeliana . The mixture was left to soak for 48 hours. Extract was filtered and allowed to dry by evaporation. Dried extract was mixed with silica gel to run column chromatography. Compounds were analysed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 12.5 μg/m were constituted for antimicrobial sensitive test on ten wood bacteria and nine fungi. NMR showed the presence of stigmasterol (C 29 H 48 O). Antifungal test revealed A. fumigatus , C. puteana , G. sepiarium , P. schweinitzii , Rhizopus spp. and S. rolfsii as sensitive to stigmasterol at zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 19, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 20mm, respectively. Antibacterial showed A. proteobacteria , B. subtilis , B. proteobacteria , E. faecium , E. coli , P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis sensitive at ZOI of 30, 28, 29, 26, 27, 23, and 23 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/ml completely inhibited Alpha proteobacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Beta proteobacteria while Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 50 μg/ml completely killed A. proteobacteria , B. subtilis , and B. proteobacteria . MIC of stigmasterol at 50 μg/ml completely inhibited Coniophora puteana , Gloeophyllum sepiarium , Phaeolus schweinitzii , Rhizopus spp. and Sclerotium rolfsii while at 100 μg/ml of Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp. were completely killed. A. afzeliana proved potent in the control of wood fungi and bacteria. MFC and MBC for tested pathogens were observed to be most effective at 50 μg/ml and is therefore recommended as concentration for A. afzeliana compound in the control of fungi and bacteria infections. Keywords: Anadelphia afzeliana , bacteria, fungi, stigmasterol, sensitive, resistant
Highlights
According to Jerrold (2005), wood is recognizedWood is described a permeable and as a multipurpose material with varied of tough basic tissue located in the roots and stem mechanical and physical properties
The results indicate that Acido bacteria was resistant to ciproflaxin, cefuroxime, and Aa25, bacteria was observed to be resistant to ciproflaxin, cefuroxime, and Aa25 but, sensitive to sparfloxacin at zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 30 mm
The results showed that the Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of A. afzeliana compound was 25 μg/ml for Alpha proteobacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Beta proteobacteria and Escherichia coli while is it 50 μg/ml for Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis
Summary
According to Jerrold (2005), wood is recognized. Wood is described a permeable and as a multipurpose material with varied of tough basic tissue located in the roots and stem mechanical and physical properties. It is a of trees as well as woody plants. Wood is organic natural resource that is renewable with an in nature which is composed of complex cellulose excellent strength that can be used for a very and hemicellulose entrenched in an atmosphere long time. Wood is proven to be very of lignin that prevents its compression.
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