Abstract
Wulfenia amherstiana belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family and various plants of this family are known for their biological activities. The present study was focused on the isolation of bioactive compounds including a novel flavone 6,7,4′-trimethyl flavone (TMF) along with three known flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and a steroid β-sitosterol which were isolated from the ethanolic extract of W. amherstiana (Himalayan Wulfenia) through column chromatography and purified by using HPLC. Their structures were identified and elucidated through electron ionization mass spectroscopy (EIMS), 1DNMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), and 2DNMR (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of this novel compound were evaluated through agar well diffusion method, while antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. The NMR data revealed that TMF is a novel compound. TMF showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 128 μg/ml) and Candida albicans (MIC = 128 μg/ml). The cytotoxic potential of TMF was determined from brine shrimp lethality assay with LD50 of 127.01 μg/ml. The free-radical scavenging potential of TMF at various concentrations implicated its strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The results revealed that TMF demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, strong antioxidant activity, and moderately cytotoxic activity.
Highlights
Maria Kakar,1 Muhammad Usman Amin,1 Saad Alghamdi,2 Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada,3 Nisar Ahmad,1 and Naseem Ullah4
trimethyl flavone (TMF) showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 128 μg/ml) and Candida albicans (MIC = 128 μg/ml). e cytotoxic potential of TMF was determined from brine shrimp lethality assay with LD50 of 127.01 μg/ml. e free-radical scavenging potential of TMF at various concentrations implicated its strong antioxidant activity in vitro. e results revealed that TMF demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, strong antioxidant activity, and moderately cytotoxic activity
Scrophulariaceae is known for its medicinal uses. e medicinal importance of the family is because of various biologically active compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenylethanoids, iridoid glycosides, saponins, and minerals. e presence of such a diverse range of compounds can be attributed to several biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antihyperlipidemic activities [4]
Summary
Ethyl acetate, nbutanol, n-hexane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Merck (Germany)
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