Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial spectrum of erythorbyl laurate (EL) against bacteria and fungi, leading to food-borne and infectious skin diseases, was evaluated for its practical applications in food and cosmetics. Furthermore, the influences of environmental factors including pH, oxidative stress, and dispersion medium on antimicrobial activity of EL were investigated. The three Gram-positive bacteria and the three molds were susceptible to 3.0 mM EL, while the yeast was susceptible to 6.0 mM EL. It was demonstrated EL retained antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after being oxidized while the antibacterial activity against the three Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes was significantly enhanced as decrease of pH from 7.0 to 5.0. Moreover, EL exhibited bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in an oil-in-water emulsion. Treatment of 5.0 mM EL for 4 h reduced 5.29 ± 0.24, 6.01 ± 0.18, 5.95 ± 0.13, and 6.24 ± 0.30 log CFU/mL against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, respectively. In a multipassage resistance selection study, it was observed minimum inhibitory concentrations of EL against S. aureus were not increased over 20 passages, indicating EL might not develop drug resistance of bacteria. This study suggests EL has a potential to be applied as the multifunctional additive in food and cosmetics.
Highlights
Lipid oxidation of food and cosmetics has been considered as a major hazard for consumer health [1]
P. acnes, S. pyogenes, C. perfringens, A. nidulans, R. oryzae, and T. mentagrophytes were susceptible to 3 mM erythorbyl laurate (EL) and C. albicans to 6 mM EL (Table 1). ese results demonstrated that EL can be applied to food and cosmetics to control the molds, yeast, and Gram-positive bacteria that lead to food-borne diseases and infectious skin diseases
Effect of pH. ree Gram-positive bacteria were used to examine whether the degree of protonation of EL altered its antimicrobial activity (Table 2)
Summary
Lipid oxidation of food and cosmetics has been considered as a major hazard for consumer health [1]. Erythorbyl laurate (EL) was suggested as a novel multifunctional emulsifier with antioxidative and antibacterial activity to control the lipid oxidation and microbial contamination with a single compound [6]. E minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of EL against these Gram-positive bacteria were determined, and the antibacterial mechanism was thought to be disruption of the bacterial cell membrane [7]. It was investigated EL exhibited more effective antioxidative activity than that of erythorbic acid in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system since its antioxidative moiety is located on the interface of droplets where lipid oxidation mostly occurs [8]. No study has examined the antibacterial properties of EL in an O/W emulsion, which is thought to be the best system for application of EL
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