Abstract
Pinus sylvestris. var mongolica is a major source of timber in Mongolia. The logging process makes many kinds of valuable biomass including bark, cones, and needles, which can be used for obtaining essential oil. The essential oil from the needles of wild growing Pinus sylvestris. var mongolica growing in Mongolia was chemically analyzed and its antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The chemical analyses identified 101 compounds in the essential oil with the major compounds of α-pinene (29.87 %), limonene + β-phellandrene (16.15 %), camphene (4.95 %), bornylacetate (4.34 %), and β-pinene (3.88 %). This oil possessed the inhibitory activity against B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae, S. aureus and E. coli, successively with minimum inhibition concentration of 0.125, 0.1, 3.0, and 10.0 µg/mL. Importantly, the oil at 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells by 45.3 % and 99.7 %. The half of inhibition concentration of DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging was 14.36 ± 0.28 mg/mL. The results, therefore, suggested that the essential oil of a Mongolian Scotch pine could potentially be used as a preservative material in cosmetic and food products, as a bioactive agent in anti-inflammatory and wound healing products in view of its antibacterial activity. Given our findings that this essential oil has such profound activity against MCF-7 cancer cells, a further investigation concerning the full extent of this essential oil’s anticancer activities seems warranted. Furthermore, given the promising antimicrobial effects of this essential oil against various bacterial species, an investigation concerning its effect against drug-resistant bacteria would be of immense interest.
Highlights
There is an enormous potential to extend the utilization of biomass accessible in vast volumes of unused deposits, including wood, bark, and leaves
Chemical compositions: The essential oil (EO) of needles from Mongolian Scotch pine obtained by hydrodistillation showed amber color with a mild aromatic odor
The published report has previously shown that the chemical compositions of the Essential oil (EO) of Scotch pine consist mainly of 50 - 90 % monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the other components are sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as well as the oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes
Summary
There is an enormous potential to extend the utilization of biomass accessible in vast volumes of unused deposits, including wood, bark, and leaves. Buds, essential oil and resin of Mongolian Scotch pine are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver, rheumatic, and skin diseases and many respiratory infections accompanied by emphysema, common colds, cough, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, laryngitis and influenza [5, 6] due to their various bioactive secondary metabolites [7]. This study aimed to approve the potential of pharmacological utilization of the needle essential oils from Pinus sylvestris. This is the first report on the antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities and the cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells of the essential oil
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