Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained great interest as a simple and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized by using extracts of marine algae Ecklonia cava as reducing and capping agents. The formation of AgNPs using aqueous extract of Ecklonia cava was confirmed visually by color change and their surface plasmon resonance peak at 418 nm, measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. The size, shape, and morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs were observed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The biosynthesized AgNPs were nearly spherical in shape with an average size around 43 nm. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract of Ecklonia cava as reducing and capping agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was also carried out to demonstrate the crystalline nature of the biosynthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial results determined by an agar well diffusion assay demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity of the AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant results determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay revealed an efficient antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs also exhibited a strong apoptotic anticancer activity against human cervical cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that aqueous extract of Ecklonia cava is an effective reducing agent for green synthesis of AgNPs with efficient antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Highlights
In recent years, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively utilized for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, due to their unique physicochemical and optoelectronic properties [1,2,3,4]
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Materials Ecklonia cava powder was obtained from Jeju Island, Korea
Summary
Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively utilized for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, due to their unique physicochemical and optoelectronic properties [1,2,3,4]. Several in vitro studies using AgNPs have demonstrated their potential as effective anticancer agents [7,8,9,10] They have exhibited apoptosis-mediated, strong anticancer efficacies in a variety of cancer cells, including human cervical cancer [8], lung cancer [9], and breast cancer cells [10]. Reduction of silver complexes in dilute solution with a proper reductant can lead to the formation of colloidal AgNPs [14] This method offers significant advantages of simple equipment and convenient operation, it involves a use of hazardous chemicals and high temperature conditions, which are rather environmentally unfriendly and energetically inefficient [14,18]. Xo-rrpahyodloifgfyraActnioanlypsiasttoefrBnisoosyf nbtiohessyinztehdeAsigzNedPAs gNPs (dot circle) and AgCl NPs (asterisk)
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