Antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of nano-heart of Phoenix dactylifera tree extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

This study aimed to present a new heart of P. dactylifera (HP) extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles and estimate its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and free radical scavenger effect (in vitro). This nano-supplement may prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rat model. The HP extract was loaded on chitosan nanoparticles producing HP–ChNPs, then characterized. The antioxidant properties of the HP–ChNPs was assessed in vitro. The antibacterial activity against three-gram positive bacteria and two gram-negative bacteria were done. The in vitro studies of cytotoxicity against MCF7, CaCo3, and Hela cell lines were also evaluated. Then, the protective effect of the HP–ChNPs (2 mg/kg, IP) was evaluated against doxorubicin induce organ toxicity in a rat model. The in vitro studies revealed the antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of the HP–ChNPs. The in vivo study demonstrates reduction of heart and kidney apoptosis with increased programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1); as the major anticancer drug (doxorubicin) pathway is to release free radicals with decreased PD-1 levels and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, the HP–ChNPs, in a very small dose, might be a promising supplement to avoid doxorubicin toxicity with improvment the antioxidant enzymes without affecting its anticancer activity.