Abstract
In poultry farming, the spread of bacterial pathogens results in disease outbreaks causing significant economic losses to this industry. Many of these pathogenic bacteria are zoonotic and have a substantial impact on public health. Antimicrobials are essential for the prevention and treatment of these bacterial infections. However, the indiscriminate use of these agents provides favorable conditions for selection, propagation and persistence of bacteria and development of antimicrobial resistance. We developed a new antimicrobial candidate that could be used alone or in synergy with research protocols for therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promoter uses in the poultry industry. The present study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic compound 2,2′,4-trihydroxybenzophenone against pathogenic bacteria that cause important diseases in poultry and public health. We tested the hemolytic effect of this compound, studied its synergistic effect with conventional antimicrobials and analyzed the site of action on the bacteria. The results of our study showed antimicrobial activity of benzophenone against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with a similar effect in ATCC (American type culture collection) and field isolates. This compound was non-hemolytic. 2,2′,4-trihydroxybenzophenone acted on the bacterial cell wall. We identified the synergistic effect between 2,2′,4-trihydroxybenzophenone and bacitracin, this effect indicate that antimicrobial synergism may be useful for the treatment of necrotic enteritis in poultry. This compound may also be used as a growth promoter by reducing the dose of bacitracin and thus decreasing the pressure of bacterial resistance in poultry which would circumvent the development of cross-resistance in humans.
Highlights
Poultry farming is the most globalized industry in terms of food production worldwide
The more intense use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry industry favors the increase of multidrug resistant bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella multocida, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus (Charlebois et al, 2012; Garcia-Migura et al, 2014; Victor et al, 2016; Kraushaar et al, 2017)
Based on the results of bacterial inhibition obtained with other derivatives of natural benzophenones and in the search for new antimicrobial molecules, we present the first study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic compound 2,2,4-trihydroxybenzophenone against a large panel of ATCC bacteria and bacterial field isolates of significance in the poultry industry and public health
Summary
Poultry farming is the most globalized industry in terms of food production worldwide. Current production systems are based on high animal density which provides ideal conditions for the multiplication, propagation, and spread of pathogens and the occurrence of disease outbreaks resulting in significant losses to the poultry industry. Among these pathogens, there are those related to public health which further extends the importance of prevention and control of foodborne zoonotic bacteria that may occur in poultry products (Garcia-Migura et al, 2014). The unrestrained use of antimicrobials for the control and treatment of bacterial diseases and as growth promoters provide favorable conditions for the selection, propagation, and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in both animals and humans (Aidara-Kane et al, 2018). The more intense use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry industry favors the increase of multidrug resistant bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella multocida, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus (Charlebois et al, 2012; Garcia-Migura et al, 2014; Victor et al, 2016; Kraushaar et al, 2017)
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