Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant plant-derived and fascinating bio-based renewable polymer. It is a primary constituent of lignocellulosic materials found in plant cell walls. Lignin is a commonly available material as a waste product of the paper, pulp, and cellulosic ethanol industries. Lately, lignin and its composites have attracted considerable attention due to the excellent properties of lignin like its high abundance, lightweight nature, good reinforcing ability with polymers, biodegradability, CO2 neutrality, UV-light shielding effect, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial action. The exceptional physical and functional properties of lignin make it a suitable filler for developing polymer-based composite materials. In this work, the isolation of lignin, its structure, and its functional properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant potential are comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, the recent progress of lignin in manufacturing different polymer-based antimicrobial and antioxidant composites in food packaging, plant protection, and growth application is also summarized here.
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