Abstract
We investigated the antimicrobial activity of volatile extracts from 10 herb species (coriander, oregano, chamomile, sage, thyme, chives, basil, fennel, lavender, and rosemary) against 4 plant pathogens (Botryotinia fuckeliana, Glomerella cingulata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) to develop biological pesticides. We also determined the optimum quantity of each volatile extract for the highest activity against plant pathogens. Among these 10 herb extracts, the volatile extract of coriander leaves and stems exhibited high levels of antimicrobial activity against the 4 plant pathogens tested. The volatile extract prepared from chives also exhibited antifungal activity against B. fuckeliana, G. cingulata, and F. oxysporum, but exhibited no antimicrobial activity against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In particular, the antifungal activity of the volatile extract of coriander leaves and stems (equivalent to 0.25 g FW) against G. cingulata was higher than that of chemical fungicides. These results indicate that volatile extracts from coriander leaves and stems have high levels of antifungal and antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens.
Highlights
IntroductionAgricultural crops have been supplied stably and effectively in part due to the use of chemical pesticides, which carry the risks of mammalian toxicity and environmental pollution
In recent years, consumers have shown a growing interest in food safety
We investigated the antimicrobial activity of volatile extracts from 10 herb species against 4 plant pathogens (Botryotinia fuckeliana, Glomerella cingulata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) to develop biological pesticides
Summary
Agricultural crops have been supplied stably and effectively in part due to the use of chemical pesticides, which carry the risks of mammalian toxicity and environmental pollution. Such chemical products are a health hazard to farmers and consumers, and leave residues on or in the crops. It is worth noting that there is great interest in developing biological, rather than synthetic chemical, agents for pest control (Kobayashi et al, 2012) Another serious problem regarding the use of certain chemical agents for crop protection is the development of resistance by fungal pathogens. The application of ever-greater concentrations of chemicals in an attempt to overcome this problem increases the risk of high levels of toxic residues in agricultural products (Daferera et al, 2003)
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