Abstract
In an era of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections overshadowed by a lack of innovation in the antimicrobial drug development pipeline, there has been a resurgence in multidisciplinary approaches aimed at tackling this global health problem. One such approach is to use metal complexes as a framework for new antimicrobials. Indeed, in this context, bismuth-, silver- and gold-derived compounds in particular have displayed demonstrable antimicrobial activity. In this work, we discuss the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of terpene-derived chiral palladium complexes against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. It was established that all studied coordination compounds of palladium were highly active antifungal drugs. In contrast, the subset of palladacycles possessing a palladium–carbon bond were only active against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds were inactive against the Gram-negative bacteria tested.
Highlights
Today, the number of metal-containing pharmacological preparations used in clinical practice is in the hundreds [1,2]
In this work we report the antimicrobial activity and mammalian cellular toxicity of a series of chiral palladium-terpene complexes 1–12 against five types of bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and two types of fungi, namely Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
Ethylenediamine (EDA) derivatives have been successfully used as ligands for the synthesis of metal chelates with broad applicability, as exemplified by the complexes 6–12 (Figure 2)
Summary
The number of metal-containing pharmacological preparations used in clinical practice is in the hundreds [1,2]. These are diagnostic substances and therapeutic drugs. Preparations derived from silver [5,6], gold [7,8], bismuth [9], and more recently gallium [10,11] and ruthenium [12,13], have received attention. Complexes of silver and gold, auranofin (a clinically approved antirheumatic drug), colloidal bismuth citrate (CBS, a clinically approved antiulcer drug), and gallium nitrate. Palladium palladacycles have historically garnered attention as anticancer agents due to their potential for diverse coordination geometry and cognate anticancer mechanisms distinct from those of platinum-based therapies such as cis-platin [20]
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