Abstract
The occurrence of caries lesions adjacent to restorations is a serious problem in Dentistry. Therefore, new antimicrobial restorative materials could help to prevent recurrent carious lesions. This study evaluated the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (Ion Z) on the viability of a microcosm biofilm and on the development of enamel demineralization. Enamel samples were filled with the following materials (n=9): A) Ion-Z (FGM Ltda); B) Maxxion R (FGM Ltda); C) Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE) and D) no restoration (control). The samples were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) containing 0.2% sucrose for 14 days. The live and dead bacteria were quantified by fluorescence using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The enamel demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test (p<0.05). Ion Z induced a higher percentage of dead bacteria (60.96±12.0%) compared to the other groups (Maxxion R: 39.8±6.7%, Ketac Fil Plus: 43.7±9.71% and control 46.3±9.5%). All materials significantly reduced the average mineral loss compared to control (Ion-Z 25.0±4.2%vol, Maxxion R 23.4±8.0%vol, Ketac Fil Plus 30.7±7.7 and control 41.2±6.6%vol). Ion-Z was the only material able to significantly improve the mineral content at the surface layer (Zmax: 63.5±18.2%vol) compared to control (38.9±11.3%vol). Ion-Z shows antimicrobial potential, but its anti-caries effect was similar to the other materials, under this model.
Highlights
Development of caries lesions adjacent to restorations represents a serious problem in Dentistry [1]
Ion-Z showed the highest percentage of dead bacteria in biofilm compared to the other groups, which in turn did not differ from each other
Despite the lowest value of integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) was seen in enamel restored with Ion-Z, no significant differences were found for both ΔZ and lesion depth (LD) among the groups (Table 3, statistical power of 80.12%)
Summary
Development of caries lesions adjacent to restorations represents a serious problem in Dentistry [1]. The occurrence of this undesirable condition is more common close to composite restorations since resins allow a greater biofilm accumulation compared to other restorative materials [2]. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease induced by the interaction between diet, host and microorganism (biofilm) over time [3]. Positive changes in patients’ behavior during the treatment are essential to avoid recurrent caries and failure of restorations. Fluoride and antimicrobial [4] treatments can positively interfere in the homeostasis between host and microorganisms
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