Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles supported into 4A zeolite (4A z) was assessed. Based on antimicrobial experiments, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and disc diffusion test were determined after 24 h of contact with the prepared nanocomposites. These results are in agreements with the results of disc diffusion test. During the experiments, the numbers of viable bacterial cells of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 decreased significantly. The crystallinity and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), elemental mapping at the microstructural level by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a result, it was demonstrated that TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles supported in 4A zeolite could lead to an optimum activity as antimicrobial agents.
Highlights
Attaching nanoparticles on solid surfaces has been used as a traditional procedure to prepare heterogeneous composites with specific properties
We have focused on the description and development of zinc oxide (ZnO) and TiO2 nanoparticles supported in the channels of a porous matrix (4A zeolite) for antimicrobial application
In the spectra of oxide nanoparticles doped into 4A z, the presence of nanoparticles can be confirmed based on the observed peaks, in particular 2θ = 4–70
Summary
Attaching nanoparticles on solid surfaces has been used as a traditional procedure to prepare heterogeneous composites with specific properties. In order to overcome these problems, some methods have been proposed including strengthening the metal-support interaction[6,7] and using booster and setting out the morphology of nanoparticles[8,9] Based on these advances, nanoparticles can be loaded on zeolites for antimicrobials, anti-fungal and anti-virus applications[10,11]. MONP, ZnO and TiO2, become activated against pathogenic bacteria when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light[17,18]. The mechanism of this procedure involves substrate adsorption in the composite surface, depending on pH, temperature, composite stability, area and substrate concentration[19,20,21,22]. MONP show significant antimicrobial activity through connection to microbial DNA and proteins, and caused to preventing bacterial duplication, avoiding metabolic enzymes of the bacterial electron transport chain, leading to their inactivation[2]
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