Abstract
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) is a wild leguminous plant found in North-Central zone of Nigeria with high calorific value, essential proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins. The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of fermented and unfermented P. biglobosa seeds on selected clinical microbial isolates namely, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. P. biglobosa seeds were obtained from Oja-Oba market in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The samples were pre-treated and pulverized into powder. The extraction was achieved with acetone and water and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed following standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the isolates was determined by agar well diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the crude extracts showed the presence of tannins, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and glycosides. P. aeruginosa was sensitive to the aqueous extract of fermented seeds having a zone of inhibition of 14.00±1.00mm while for unfermented seeds it was 10.00±2.00 mm at 100 mg/ml. The acetone extracts of both fermented and unfermented seeds revealed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 17.00±3.00 mm and 18.00±0.00 mm respectively. In conclusion, the crude extracts of the fermented and unfermented P. biglobosa seeds at a concentration of 75 and 100 mg/ml respectively have antimicrobial effect on the clinical isolates.
Highlights
Parkia biglobosa known as African locust beans is a dicotyledonous plant in the familyBio-Research Vol.18 No 2 pp.1135-1146 (2020)Fabaceae – Mimosoideae
Phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts shows the presence of tannins, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and glycosides in the acetone and aqueous extract of the fermented P. biglobosa seeds; alkaloid and tannin were present in the acetone extract of unfermented seeds and alkaloid, tannin, saponin and glycosides in aqueous extract of unfermented seeds
Qualitative phytochemical analysis of both the fermented and unfermented aqueous and acetone extracts of P. biglobosa seeds revealed the presence of various phytochemicals, with the fermented aqueous and acetone extracts of the seeds revealing the presence of all the phytochemicals studied than the unfermented extracts
Summary
Parkia biglobosa known as African locust beans is a dicotyledonous plant in the familyBio-Research Vol. No 2 pp.1135-1146 (2020)Fabaceae – Mimosoideae. There is limited scientific investigation on the antibacterial activity, there are reports that the main microorganisms involved in the fermentation process help to inhibit harmful bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Ouoba et al, 2005). Microorganisms such as S. aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa amongst others are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Since antimicrobials are not fully degraded in human and animal body; antimicrobial compounds, their metabolites and transformation products are abundant in the environment (Segura et al, 2009; Michael et al, 2013) This leads to the selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria or the acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer (Martinez, 2009). The aim of this study is to determine phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of fermented and unfermented P. biglobosa seeds on selected clinical isolates
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