Antimicrobial activity of Sargassum muticum incorporated nanohydroxyapatite hexagonal rods synthesized by co-precipitation method

Abstract

The bio-functionality enhancement of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) has currently become a major research field in the Health Care Industry. Researchers attempt to improve the antimicrobial activity by loading the antibiotics directly or doping the antimicrobial-enhancing ions such as Ag, ZnO, and Sr to nHA. There are few reports that Green synthesize also improves the same and not the morphology. Here we report, a two-step method of engineering the morphology of nHA using CTAB & SDS, and consequently, incorporating Sargassum muticum extract (SME), could promote the antimicrobial effect. Moreover, among the four methods of extraction, namely, hydrothermal, constant temperature bath and sonication, the extract obtained through sonication demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against four pathogens tested, whereas, the extracts obtained through other methods exhibited activity only against two pathogens. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the SME-added nHA has successfully been determined against the pathogens S. aureus, E. faecalis, V. cholerae and S. typhi. Further, supportive studies, to confirm the composition, phase, morphology and porosity were also carried out and the results are discussed in detail.