Abstract
Objective: To assess the anti-microbial activity of sage oil and hempseed oil against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans . Material and Methods: The sage oil and hempseed oil in pure extract form were collected from an authorized government organization. The anti-microbial activity from the oils was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Standard antibiotics Vancomycin and Fluconazole were taken as a positive control for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. The mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours by HI-MEDIAs antibiotic zone scale. One-way Analysis of variance with Tukey’s Post Hoc was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The mean zone of inhibition of sage oil and hempseed oil at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours against Streptococcus mutans was (7.0 ± 4.24, 9.1 ± 3.71 and 8.4 ± 3.02) and (0.0, 3.2 ± 0.75, 1.9 ± 1.24) respectively. The zone of inhibition against Candida albicans 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours for sage oil (2.80 ± 1.151, 6.70 ± 1.30 and 6.30 ± 1.44), hempseed oil (0.0, 3.80 ± 0.75, 3.10 ± 0.41). Sage oil presented potential anti-microbial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans . Comparing the anti-microbial efficacy, standard antibiotic (Vancomycin/Fluconazole) was more effective than test oils . Conclusion: Test oils showed anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans . Among these, sage oil showed efficacy at 24 hours, while hempseed oil did not show any effect at this time point. Further studies are needed to affirm the same and test their efficacy in different forms and concentrations.
Highlights
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent dental diseases [1]
Standard antibiotics Vancomycin and Fluconazole were taken as a positive control for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively
Sage oil showed efficacy at 24 hours, while hempseed oil did not show any effect at this time point
Summary
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent dental diseases [1]. Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive bacteria, play a vital role in progression of caries by producing glucans and acids, which allow them to suppress the activity of the non-cariogenic commensal at low ph in oral cavity [2]. Candida albicans commonly colonizes human mucosal surfaces and are prevalent in oral mucosa. Co-adhesion between fungi and bacteria in oral cavity is pivotal for fungal colonization [3]. Various drugs have been tested and are proved to be effective against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Due to the current belief that ‘green medicine’ is safe and more dependable than expensive synthetic drugs, natural products are being subjected to test their anti-microbial potency [4]
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