Abstract
Dry flower heads of Helichrysum plicatum were characterized by HPLC-DAD and a detailed antimicrobial assay of its ethanol extract was performed. Identification of phenolic compounds indicated the presence of apigenin, naringenin and kaempferol as free aglycones, glycosides of apigenin, naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol as well as chlorogenic acid and chalcone derivate. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated against various bacteria and fungi as well as yeast Candida albicans using microdilution method. Grampositive bacteria were more sensitive to the tested extract (MIC values were to 0.02 mg/mL) than Gram-negative bacteria (the greatest MIC was 0.055 mg/mL). Regarding pathogenic fungi, our tests demonstrated that fungi were more sensitive to the tested extract than bacteria. The growth of the majority of the tested fungi was inhibited by concentration of 0.005 mg/mL. Moreover, the extract was significantly more active than commercial fungicide, fluconazole. The results of our tests indicate that the extract of H. plicatum has significant antimicrobial activity and may find application in the pharmaceutical and food industry and organic agriculture.
Highlights
Dry flower heads of Helichrysum plicatum were characterized by HPLC-DAD and a detailed antimicrobial assay of its ethanol extract was performed
Chemical profile of H. plicatum has been previously described in detail and it is characterized by the presence of apigenin, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin glycosides as well as free apigenin, naringenin, kaempferol and lute
Kulevanova et al [12] reported that kaempferol was the most abundant, and naringenin and apigenin were present in same quantities in hydrolyzed extract they analyzed
Summary
Dry flower heads of Helichrysum plicatum were characterized by HPLC-DAD and a detailed antimicrobial assay of its ethanol extract was performed. The results of our tests indicate that the extract of H. plicatum has significant antimicrobial activity and may find application in the pharmaceutical and food industry and organic agriculture. Its distribution in Serbia is limited only to southern regions (Metohija, Bosilegrad and Rudina Mountain) [4] This species can be distinguished from sandy everlasting, widely used in traditional medicine, H. arenarium (L.) Moench, by its densely glandular stem and leaves [5]. The aim of the present study was to estimate antimicrobial activity of H. plicatum ethanol extract on ten bacteria and nine fungal strains, together with one yeast strain. After cooling at 8 °C, the water extract was decanted and re-extracted with ethyl acetate-ethanol (96%, 9:1) and the extract was evaporated under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain a yellow-orange dried powder
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