Abstract
Arrayan and peumo fruits are commonly used in the traditional medicine of Chile. In this study, the concentration of the extracts halving the bacterial viability and biofilms formation and disruption of the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. The chemical composition of extracts was analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/MS). The arrayan extract (Inhibitory concentration IC50 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL) was more effective than peumo extract (IC50 0.53 ± 0.02 mg/mL) in the inhibition of S. aureus planktonic cells. Similarly, the arrayan extract was more effective in inhibiting the adhesion (S. aureus IC50 0.23 ± 0.02 mg/mL, P. aeruginosa IC50 0.29 ± 0.02 mg/mL) than peumo extracts (S. aureus IC50 0.47 ± 0.03 mg/mL, P. aeruginosa IC50 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both extracts inhibited quorum sensing in a concentration-dependent manner, and the most significant was the autoinducer-2 type communication inhibition by arrayan extract. Both extracts also disrupted preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa (arrayan IC50 0.56 ± 0.04 mg/mL, peumo IC50 0.59 ± 0.04 mg/mL). However, neither arrayan nor peumo extracts disrupted S. aureus mature biofilm. U-HPLC/MS showed that both fruit extracts mainly possessed quercetin compounds; the peumo fruit extract also contained phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids. Our results suggested that both extracts could be used as natural antimicrobials for some skin and nosocomial infections.
Highlights
As part of the diets, many fruits of native species have been used as a traditional medicine in the South American region [1,2]
As drug-resistant strains, we used clinical isolates obtained from the Collection of the Laboratory of Medical Microbiology (Czech Laboratory, lnc., NEM) resistant to several drugs
Both arrayan [Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret] and peumo [Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser] plants belong to the trees of Mediterranean ecosystems in Central Chile [3,4]
Summary
As part of the diets, many fruits of native species have been used as a traditional medicine in the South American region [1,2]. Arrayan (Luma apiculata) is a Myrtaceae [5] endemic plant from the Valparaiso to Aysen regions of Chile (latitude 33◦ to 45◦ S). It grows in the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. Its fruit is an edible black or purple berry (Figure 1A), with an intense flavor, aromatic, and a pleasant sweet. Antibiotics 2020, 9, x edible black or purple berry (Figure 1A), with an intense flavor, aromatic, and a pleasant sweet taste. Extracts of ripe fruits of arrayan phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity [4]. Extracts of ripe fruits of arrayan showed the showed the flavonol and anthocyanins, with high oxygen radical absorptioncapacity capacity and and presence ofpresence flavonolof and anthocyanins, with high oxygen radical absorption concentration-dependent vascular protection under high glucose conditions [6]
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