Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) Aerial Parts at Flowering Period.

Giani Andrea Linde,Luciane Neris Cazella,Jasmina Glamoclija,Marina Soković,José Eduardo Gonçalves,Zilda Cristiani Gazim,Nelson Barros Colauto

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00027

Giani Andrea Linde, Luciane Neris Cazella + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00027

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Abstract

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is a Brazilian native bush tree, and its leaf essential oil has been reported to possess some biological activities, but the antimicrobial activity of its aerial part essential oil at the flowering period is unknown or little studied, mainly against agents that cause foodborne diseases. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of B. dracunculifolia aerial part at flowering period. This essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil were evaluated against eight bacteria and eight fungi using 96-well microtiter plates. The essential oil yield was 1.8 ± 0.07%, and spathulenol (27%) and trans-nerolidol (23%), both oxygenated sesquiterpenes, were the major compounds found among 30 chemical constituents identified. The essential oil presented bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, mainly against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also fungistatic and fungicidal activities. However, its antibacterial activity was more effective than the antifungal one by using the essential oil at lower concentrations. Essential oil of B. dracunculifolia may be a potential alternative for food applications in order to reduce synthetic chemicals in a more sustainable food industry.

Highlights

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), known as “alecrim-do-campo” and “vassourinha” in Brazil (Barroso, 1976), a perennial woody bush tree that can reach up to around 2 m of height with alternate spike lanceolate leaves (Borges and Forzza, 2008), 1 to 1.5-mm long achene (Barroso, 1976), dioicous with male and female inflorescences in separateBaccharis dracunculifolia Antimicrobial Activity plants (Park et al, 2004), is native to biomes of Brazilian Cerrado, Atlantic Rainforest and Pampas
Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oil was colorless with a characteristic honey odor
Spathulenol is the major compound found in our study and the mass spectrum was obtained by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Baccharis dracunculifolia Antimicrobial Activity plants (Park et al, 2004), is native to biomes of Brazilian Cerrado, Atlantic Rainforest and Pampas. It is reported as the main source of propolis and bee honey production, followed by Araucaria angustifolia and Eucalyptus citriodora in Brazil (Sforcin et al, 2012). Despite of some reports on the antimicrobial activity of B. dracunculifolia, mainly related to its antifungal activity, the antimicrobial activity spectrum of B. dracunculifolia essential oil in the flowering phenophase and against agents causing foodborne diseases is unknown or little studied. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of B. dracunculifolia aerial part essential oil for potential applications to preserve food by non-synthetic compounds

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