Abstract
To determine the antimicrobial activity of enacyloxin IIa and gladiolin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Ureaplasma spp. The Burkholderia polyketide antibiotics enacyloxin IIa and gladiolin were tested against 14 N. gonorrhoeae and 10 Ureaplasma spp. isolates including multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates WHO V, WHO X and WHO Z as well as macrolide, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin-resistant ureaplasmas. Susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae was carried out by agar dilution, whereas broth micro-dilution and growth kinetic assays were used for Ureaplasma spp. The MIC range for enacyloxin IIa and gladiolin against N. gonorrhoeae was 0·015-0·06mgl-1 and 1-2mgl-1 respectively. The presence of resistance to front line antibiotics had no effect on MIC values. The MIC range for enacyloxin IIa against Ureaplasma spp. was 4-32mgl-1 with a clear dose-dependent effect when observed using a growth kinetic assay. Gladiolin had no antimicrobial activity on Ureaplasma spp. at 32mgl-1 and limited impact on growth kinetics. Enacyloxin IIa and gladiolin antibiotics have antimicrobial activity against a range of antibiotic susceptible and resistant N. gonorrhoeae and Ureaplasma isolates. This study highlights the potential for a new class of antimicrobial against pathogens in which limited antibiotics are available. Development of these compounds warrants further investigation in the face of emerging extensively drug-resistant strains.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of growing concern among sexually transmitted pathogens
We examined the antimicrobial activity of enacyloxin IIa and gladiolin against a panel of susceptible and multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates from South Wales and characterized collections
Antibiotic resistance among sexually transmitted pathogens is of growing concern
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of growing concern among sexually transmitted pathogens. In 2018, the first description of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) N. gonorrhoeae was identified in the United Kingdom and subsequently in Australia, with all cases linked to recent travel to South East Asia (Eyre et al 2018; Jennison et al 2019). Further reports of XDR cases with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate azithromycin resistance were reported in the UK from two women with recent travel to Ibiza, Spain, in which genomically identical strains belonging to the characterized FC428 were isolated (Eyre et al 2019). Ureaplasma spp. are unique genus of bacteria which have an essential requirement for urea in energy production and have one of the smallest genomes of any free living organism (Glass et al 2000)
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