Abstract
Intorduction:Dead Sea is a hypersaline lake with 34% salinity, gains its name due to the absence of any living macroscopic creatures. Despite the extreme hypersaline environment, it is a unique ecosystem for various halophilic microorganisms adapted to this environment.Aims & Objectives:Halophilic microorganisms are known for various potential biotechnological applications, the purpose of the current research is isolation and screening of halophilic bacteria from Dead Sea mud for potential antimicrobial applications.Methods & Materials:Screening for antagonistic bacteria was conducted by bacterial isolation from Dead Sea mud samples and agar plate antagonistic assay. The potential antagonistic isolates were subjected to biochemical characterization and identification by 16S-rRNA sequencing. Among the collected isolates, four isolates showed potential antagonistic activity against Bacillus subtilis 6633 and Escherichia coli 8739. The most active isolate (24-DSM) was subjected for antagonistic activity and minimal inhibitory concentration against different gram positive and negative bacterial strains after cultivation in different salt concentration media. Results: The results of 16S-rRNA analysis revealed that 24-DSM is very closely related to Bacillus persicus strain B48, which was isolated from hypersaline lake in Iran.Conclusion: Therefore, the isolate 24-DSM is assigned as a new strain of B. persicusi isolated from the Dead Sea mud. B. persicusi 24-DSM showed higher antimicrobial activity, when it was cultivated with saline medium, against all tested bacterial strains, where the most sensitive bacterial strain was Corynebacterium diphtheria 51696.
Highlights
Dead Sea is a hypersaline lake with 34% salinity, gains its name due to the absence of any living macroscopic creatures
The present study focuses on isolation and screening of halophilic bacteria from Dead Sea mud for potential antimicrobial applications
In contrast to the MIC values, there was no significant influence for the used cultivation medium on the values of MIC, except for C. diphtheria 51696, since the MIC value of the desalted-10X concentrated-supernatants of 24-DSM cultivated in Marine Broth (MB) is 8-fold lower than that cultivated in Luria Broth medium (LB) medium, if we consider at least 4-fold difference is a significant difference. These results indicate that the salinity in MB medium might enhance the antimicrobial activity of 24-DSM mainly against C. diphtheria 51696
Summary
Dead Sea is a hypersaline lake with 34% salinity, gains its name due to the absence of any living macroscopic creatures. The water level is dependent on the balance between amount of freshwater inflow and evaporation [1]. The present ionic composition is 2M Mg2+, 1.5M Na+, 0.5M Ca2+, 0.2M K+, 6.5M Cl-, 0.1M Br-, which inhibits most of the living forms [5]. Another mineral-rich constituent of the Dead Sea is the mud. The therapeutic effect of processed Dead Sea mud is related to its high content of minerals [6]. It has been demonstrated that Dead Sea salts and mud are useful in treating skin disorders and skin diseases such as psoriasis [7], dermatitis [8]
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