Antimicrobial Activities of Chitosan Derivatives.

Cristina Ardean,Adina Negrea,Nicoleta Sorina Nemeş,Petru Negrea,Mihaela Ciopec,Corneliu Mircea Davidescu,Daniel Duda-Seiman,Delia Muntean,Narcis Duteanu

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13101639

Abstract

Considering the challenge created by the development of bacterial and fungal strains resistant to multiple therapeutic variants, new molecules and materials with specific properties against these microorganisms can be synthesized, like those synthesized from biopolymers such as chitosan with improved antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial activities of seven obtained materials were tested on four reference strains belonging to American Type Culture Collection. The best antimicrobial activity was obtained by functionalization by impregnation of chitosan with quaternary ammonium salts, followed by that obtained by functionalization of chitosan with phosphonium. The lowest antibacterial and antifungal effects were expressed by Ch-THIO and Ch-MBT, but new materials obtained with these extractants may be precursors with a significant role in the direct control of active molecules, such as cell growth factors or cell signaling molecules.

Highlights

Bacteria and fungi permanently adapt over the usual antibacterial and antifungal therapies, being the reason why multidrug-resistant strains and mixed infections appear.This behavior is a major problem concerning all life aspects and quality of life; its major impact is seen in medicine [1,2,3], and in the food industry [4,5]
The materials obtained by functionalization, by impregnation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, X-ray energy dispersion, EDX and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, FT-IR to highlight the presence of the extractant (DDTMABr, tetradecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (TDTMABr), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTMACl), DDTPPBr, HDTBPBr, MBT and THIO) on the support surface (Ch)
The SEM images (Figure 1) show the morphology of the support material, (Ch), and of the materials obtained after the functionalization of chitosan with the seven extractants (DDTMABr, TDTMABr, HDTMACl, DDTPPBr, HDTBPBr, MBT and THIO)

Summary

Introduction

Bacteria and fungi permanently adapt over the usual antibacterial and antifungal therapies, being the reason why multidrug-resistant strains and mixed infections appear. This behavior is a major problem concerning all life aspects and quality of life; its major impact is seen in medicine [1,2,3], and in the food industry [4,5]. It is known that materials with antimicrobial activities are of interest, both for academic studies and for industry Such features allow their usage in the food industry or in medicine. As a matter of fact, polymers and copolymers obtained by grafting with quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts have special properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, or increased antimicrobial activity [3,21,22]

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Conclusion