Antimicrobial activities from mangrove extract (Rhizophora stylosa)

Abstract

Abstract Mangrove, Indonesian locals have long used the several members of the Rhizophora genus as medicine. This study set out to identify the antimicrobial activities of Rhizophora stylosa’s roots, flowers, leaves, and bark. R. Stylosa was progressively macerated using n-hexane, ammonia-dichloromethane, and methanol as the solvent. The disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) was used to investigate R. Stylosa’s antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Root and flower of dichloromethane extracts at concentrations of 20%, 10%, and 5% each showed an inhibitory zone against bacteria S. aureus of 9.32 mm, 8.25 mm, and 10.11 mm, 9.89 mm, 8.25 mm. Root and stem bark n-hexane extracts at concentrations of 20%, 10%, and 5% also demonstrated an inhibitory zone against bacteria S. aureus of 11.04 mm, 10.3 mm, 6.53 mm and 9.45 mm; 7.97mm; 5.43 mm. In fraction groups of R. stylosa dicloromethane extract (RSD), RSD fraction 2 (20% concentration; 15.12 mm) and RSD fraction 3 (20% concentration; 12.05 mm), the antibacterial activity of the fraction groups was demonstrated against the bacteria S. aureus. GC-MS results showed that the dichloromethane extract of R. stylosa roots contained lupeol and ß-Sitosterol compounds.