Antimicrobial 405nm violet-blue light treatment of ex vivo human platelets leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and potential alteration of Phospho-proteome.

Abstract

Continued efforts to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) through blood and blood components led to the development of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation technologies known as pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to enhance blood safety. While these PRTs demonstrate germicidal efficiency, it is generally accepted that these photoinactivation techniques have limitations as they employ treatment conditions shown to compromise the quality of the blood components. During ex vivo storage, platelets having mitochondria for energy production suffer most from the consequences of UV irradiation. Recently, application of visible violet-blue light in the 400-470nm wavelength range has been identified as a relatively more compatible alternative to UV light. Hence, in this report, we evaluated 405nm light-treated platelets to assess alterations in energy utilization by measuring different mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, glycolytic flux, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we employed untargeted data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to characterize platelet proteomic differences in protein regulation after the light treatment. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that ex vivo treatment of human platelets with antimicrobial 405nm violet-blue light leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to survive the treatment, and alters a fraction of platelet proteome.